A whey/guar “preload” improves postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Aims To evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with a whey/guar preload on gastric emptying, postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and methods A total of 79 people with T2DM, managed on diet or metformin (HbA1c 49 ± 0.7...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetes, obesity & metabolism obesity & metabolism, 2019-04, Vol.21 (4), p.930-938 |
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| creator | Watson, Linda E. Phillips, Liza K. Wu, Tongzhi Bound, Michelle J. Checklin, Helen L. Grivell, Jacqueline Jones, Karen L. Clifton, Peter M. Horowitz, Michael Rayner, Christopher K. |
| description | Aims
To evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with a whey/guar preload on gastric emptying, postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Materials and methods
A total of 79 people with T2DM, managed on diet or metformin (HbA1c 49 ± 0.7 mmol/mol [6.6 ± 0.1%]), were randomized, in single‐blind fashion, to receive 150 mL flavoured preloads, containing either 17 g whey protein plus 5 g guar (n = 37) or flavoured placebo (n = 42), 15 minutes before two meals, each day for 12 weeks. Blood glucose and gastric emptying (breath test) were measured before and after a mashed potato meal at baseline (without preload), and after the preload at the beginning (week 1) and end (week 12) of treatment. HbA1c levels, energy intake, weight and body composition were also evaluated.
Results
Gastric emptying was slower (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/dom.13604 |
| format | Article |
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To evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with a whey/guar preload on gastric emptying, postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Materials and methods
A total of 79 people with T2DM, managed on diet or metformin (HbA1c 49 ± 0.7 mmol/mol [6.6 ± 0.1%]), were randomized, in single‐blind fashion, to receive 150 mL flavoured preloads, containing either 17 g whey protein plus 5 g guar (n = 37) or flavoured placebo (n = 42), 15 minutes before two meals, each day for 12 weeks. Blood glucose and gastric emptying (breath test) were measured before and after a mashed potato meal at baseline (without preload), and after the preload at the beginning (week 1) and end (week 12) of treatment. HbA1c levels, energy intake, weight and body composition were also evaluated.
Results
Gastric emptying was slower (P < 0.01) and postprandial blood glucose levels lower (P < 0.05) with the whey/guar preload compared to placebo preload, and the magnitude of reduction in glycaemia was related to the rate of gastric emptying at both week 1 (r = −0.54, P < 0.001) and week 12 (r = −0.54, P < 0.0001). At the end of treatment, there was a 1 mmol/mol [0.1%] reduction in HbA1c in the whey/guar group compared to the placebo group (49 ± 1.0 mmol/mol [6.6 ± 0.05%] vs. 50 ± 0.8 mmol/mol [6.7 ± 0.05%]; P < 0.05). There were no differences in energy intake, body weight, or lean or fat mass between the groups.
Conclusions
In patients with well‐controlled T2DM, 12 weeks' treatment with a low‐dose whey/guar preload, taken twice daily before meals, had sustained effects of slowing gastric emptying and reducing postprandial blood glucose, which were associated with a modest reduction in HbA1c, without causing weight gain.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1462-8902</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1463-1326</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/dom.13604</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30520216</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Blood glucose ; Body composition ; Body fat ; Body weight ; Body weight gain ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Energy intake ; Evidence-based medicine ; Gastric emptying ; Glucose ; guar gum ; Hemoglobin ; Meals ; Metformin ; postprandial glucose ; preloads ; type 2 diabetes ; Whey protein</subject><ispartof>Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2019-04, Vol.21 (4), p.930-938</ispartof><rights>2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-f1896f12eb5131292db839c6c4ea663057a76fe9e2b9b3559e0aeb98e2d32ba93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-f1896f12eb5131292db839c6c4ea663057a76fe9e2b9b3559e0aeb98e2d32ba93</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1656-9210 ; 0000-0002-5527-256X ; 0000-0002-1155-5816</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fdom.13604$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fdom.13604$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30520216$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Watson, Linda E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phillips, Liza K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Tongzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bound, Michelle J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Checklin, Helen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grivell, Jacqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Karen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clifton, Peter M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horowitz, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rayner, Christopher K.</creatorcontrib><title>A whey/guar “preload” improves postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial</title><title>Diabetes, obesity & metabolism</title><addtitle>Diabetes Obes Metab</addtitle><description>Aims
To evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with a whey/guar preload on gastric emptying, postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Materials and methods
A total of 79 people with T2DM, managed on diet or metformin (HbA1c 49 ± 0.7 mmol/mol [6.6 ± 0.1%]), were randomized, in single‐blind fashion, to receive 150 mL flavoured preloads, containing either 17 g whey protein plus 5 g guar (n = 37) or flavoured placebo (n = 42), 15 minutes before two meals, each day for 12 weeks. Blood glucose and gastric emptying (breath test) were measured before and after a mashed potato meal at baseline (without preload), and after the preload at the beginning (week 1) and end (week 12) of treatment. HbA1c levels, energy intake, weight and body composition were also evaluated.
Results
Gastric emptying was slower (P < 0.01) and postprandial blood glucose levels lower (P < 0.05) with the whey/guar preload compared to placebo preload, and the magnitude of reduction in glycaemia was related to the rate of gastric emptying at both week 1 (r = −0.54, P < 0.001) and week 12 (r = −0.54, P < 0.0001). At the end of treatment, there was a 1 mmol/mol [0.1%] reduction in HbA1c in the whey/guar group compared to the placebo group (49 ± 1.0 mmol/mol [6.6 ± 0.05%] vs. 50 ± 0.8 mmol/mol [6.7 ± 0.05%]; P < 0.05). There were no differences in energy intake, body weight, or lean or fat mass between the groups.
Conclusions
In patients with well‐controlled T2DM, 12 weeks' treatment with a low‐dose whey/guar preload, taken twice daily before meals, had sustained effects of slowing gastric emptying and reducing postprandial blood glucose, which were associated with a modest reduction in HbA1c, without causing weight gain.</description><subject>Blood glucose</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Body weight gain</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Energy intake</subject><subject>Evidence-based medicine</subject><subject>Gastric emptying</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>guar gum</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Meals</subject><subject>Metformin</subject><subject>postprandial glucose</subject><subject>preloads</subject><subject>type 2 diabetes</subject><subject>Whey protein</subject><issn>1462-8902</issn><issn>1463-1326</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc1u1DAQxyMEoh9w4AWQJS5Uarr-SLwxt1WhBamoFzhHdjLZujhxsJOuwmkfgQeAh-gr7ZN02hQOSMzFM-Of_zOeSZJXjJ4wtEXt2xMmJM2eJPsskyJlgsunDz5PC0X5XnIQ4zWlNBPF8nmyJ2jOKWdyP7ldkc0VTIv1qAPZbX_1AZzX9W77m9i2D_4GIul9HPqgu9pqR9ZuqjS0VhNMzNEANbnCnF87b2xHHNyAiwS9YeqBcIIPDQwQ35EVYXy3_bkB-HZMou3WDjA0znb1Mbkv4Vv7A9Dvna7AeLysfDcE7xwWGQJ28CJ51mgX4eXjeZh8Pfvw5fRjenF5_ul0dZFWIhdZ2rBCyYZxMDkTjCtem0KoSlYZaClxAEu9lA0o4EYZkecKqAajCuC14EYrcZi8nXVxCt9HiEPZ2liBc7oDP8YSx5cxytRSIvrmH_Taj6HD7pAqFJrMKVJHM1UFH2OApuyDbXWYSkbL-z2W-PvyYY_Ivn5UHE0L9V_yz-IQWMzAxjqY_q9Uvr_8PEveAcK-rZM</recordid><startdate>201904</startdate><enddate>201904</enddate><creator>Watson, Linda E.</creator><creator>Phillips, Liza K.</creator><creator>Wu, Tongzhi</creator><creator>Bound, Michelle J.</creator><creator>Checklin, Helen L.</creator><creator>Grivell, Jacqueline</creator><creator>Jones, Karen L.</creator><creator>Clifton, Peter M.</creator><creator>Horowitz, Michael</creator><creator>Rayner, Christopher K.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-9210</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-256X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-5816</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201904</creationdate><title>A whey/guar “preload” improves postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial</title><author>Watson, Linda E. ; Phillips, Liza K. ; Wu, Tongzhi ; Bound, Michelle J. ; Checklin, Helen L. ; Grivell, Jacqueline ; Jones, Karen L. ; Clifton, Peter M. ; Horowitz, Michael ; Rayner, Christopher K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-f1896f12eb5131292db839c6c4ea663057a76fe9e2b9b3559e0aeb98e2d32ba93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Blood glucose</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Body weight gain</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Energy intake</topic><topic>Evidence-based medicine</topic><topic>Gastric emptying</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>guar gum</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Meals</topic><topic>Metformin</topic><topic>postprandial glucose</topic><topic>preloads</topic><topic>type 2 diabetes</topic><topic>Whey protein</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Watson, Linda E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phillips, Liza K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Tongzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bound, Michelle J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Checklin, Helen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grivell, Jacqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Karen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clifton, Peter M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horowitz, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rayner, Christopher K.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Diabetes, obesity & metabolism</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Watson, Linda E.</au><au>Phillips, Liza K.</au><au>Wu, Tongzhi</au><au>Bound, Michelle J.</au><au>Checklin, Helen L.</au><au>Grivell, Jacqueline</au><au>Jones, Karen L.</au><au>Clifton, Peter M.</au><au>Horowitz, Michael</au><au>Rayner, Christopher K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A whey/guar “preload” improves postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial</atitle><jtitle>Diabetes, obesity & metabolism</jtitle><addtitle>Diabetes Obes Metab</addtitle><date>2019-04</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>930</spage><epage>938</epage><pages>930-938</pages><issn>1462-8902</issn><eissn>1463-1326</eissn><abstract>Aims
To evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with a whey/guar preload on gastric emptying, postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Materials and methods
A total of 79 people with T2DM, managed on diet or metformin (HbA1c 49 ± 0.7 mmol/mol [6.6 ± 0.1%]), were randomized, in single‐blind fashion, to receive 150 mL flavoured preloads, containing either 17 g whey protein plus 5 g guar (n = 37) or flavoured placebo (n = 42), 15 minutes before two meals, each day for 12 weeks. Blood glucose and gastric emptying (breath test) were measured before and after a mashed potato meal at baseline (without preload), and after the preload at the beginning (week 1) and end (week 12) of treatment. HbA1c levels, energy intake, weight and body composition were also evaluated.
Results
Gastric emptying was slower (P < 0.01) and postprandial blood glucose levels lower (P < 0.05) with the whey/guar preload compared to placebo preload, and the magnitude of reduction in glycaemia was related to the rate of gastric emptying at both week 1 (r = −0.54, P < 0.001) and week 12 (r = −0.54, P < 0.0001). At the end of treatment, there was a 1 mmol/mol [0.1%] reduction in HbA1c in the whey/guar group compared to the placebo group (49 ± 1.0 mmol/mol [6.6 ± 0.05%] vs. 50 ± 0.8 mmol/mol [6.7 ± 0.05%]; P < 0.05). There were no differences in energy intake, body weight, or lean or fat mass between the groups.
Conclusions
In patients with well‐controlled T2DM, 12 weeks' treatment with a low‐dose whey/guar preload, taken twice daily before meals, had sustained effects of slowing gastric emptying and reducing postprandial blood glucose, which were associated with a modest reduction in HbA1c, without causing weight gain.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>30520216</pmid><doi>10.1111/dom.13604</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-9210</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-256X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-5816</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2019-04, Vol.21 (4), p.930-938 |
| issn | 1462-8902 1463-1326 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Blood glucose Body composition Body fat Body weight Body weight gain Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Energy intake Evidence-based medicine Gastric emptying Glucose guar gum Hemoglobin Meals Metformin postprandial glucose preloads type 2 diabetes Whey protein |
| title | A whey/guar “preload” improves postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial |
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