Bidirectional Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces

A general bidirectional expression is derived from the Stratton-Chu-Silver integral for the scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces. This expression is then expanded in a power series of surface slope terms for the special case of scattering in the plane of incidence. The results of this expansion are then compared with other models and closed-form solutions are obtained for comparison with experiment.