Resources for Crop Production: Accessing the Unavailable

An acute imbalance between human population and food production is projected, partially due to increasing resource scarcity; dietary shifts and the current course of technology alone will not soon solve the problem. Natural ecosystems, typically characterized by high species richness and perennial g...

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Veröffentlicht in:Trends in plant science 2019-02, Vol.24 (2), p.121-129
Hauptverfasser: Ewel, John J., Schreeg, Laura A., Sinclair, Thomas R.
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container_title Trends in plant science
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creator Ewel, John J.
Schreeg, Laura A.
Sinclair, Thomas R.
description An acute imbalance between human population and food production is projected, partially due to increasing resource scarcity; dietary shifts and the current course of technology alone will not soon solve the problem. Natural ecosystems, typically characterized by high species richness and perennial growth habit, have solved many of the resource–acquisition problems faced by crops, making nature a likely source of insights for potential application in commercial agriculture. Further research on undomesticated plants and natural ecosystems, and the adaptations that enable them to meet their needs for N, P, and water, could change the face of commercial food production, including on marginal lands. Natural ecosystems and undomesticated plants have solved many resource-acquisition problems – problems challenging agriculture with economic and societal constraints on fertilizer, water and fossil energy. Symbiotic N2 fixation input can best be enhanced by focus on host plant. Biologically mediated extraction of phosphate from soils is widespread – geographically and phylogenetically – in nature. Efficacy of water use can be increased by temporal regulation of transpiration, by deeper-rooted crops, and by hydraulic redistribution via roots from wetter to drier soil where it can become available to companion species.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.008
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subjects Adaptation
Agricultural production
Agricultural research
Agriculture
Agrochemicals
Agronomy
Conservation of Natural Resources
Crop Production
Crops
Crops, Agricultural
Diet
diversity
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Environmental changes
Fertilizers
Food
Food production
Host plants
Human populations
Humans
nitrogen fixation
perennial
phosphorus
Phylogeny
Plant extracts
Species richness
Transpiration
water
Water use
Water use regulations
title Resources for Crop Production: Accessing the Unavailable
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