Distributing reclaimed water through dual systems
Growing urbanization has put a heavy demand on limited sources of water for public community water supply systems. A proven conservation measure to help meet increasing demand is the reclamation of wastewater for nonpotable purposes. Reclaimed water can be used for landscape and recreational grounds...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal - American Water Works Association 1997-11, Vol.89 (11), p.52-64 |
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| container_title | Journal - American Water Works Association |
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| creator | Okun, Daniel A. |
| description | Growing urbanization has put a heavy demand on limited sources of water for public community water supply systems. A proven conservation measure to help meet increasing demand is the reclamation of wastewater for nonpotable purposes. Reclaimed water can be used for landscape and recreational grounds irrigation, industrial processes, cooling towers, air-conditioning, stack gas scrubbing, toilet flushing, construction, firefighting, and environmental enhancement such as maintaining urban stream flows and wetlands. Urban reuse requires dual distribution systems that use one system for potable water and another for reclaimed water. Dual systems are particularly appropriate for urban developments now being planned, but they can prove cost-effective even for systems that must be retrofitted. The economies arise from savings in the acquisition and development of new water sources and facilities and in wastewater treatment and disposal. Because the public health risk from nonpotable reuse is minimal, public acceptance is high and even enthusiastic. Nonpotable urban reuse is an option worth consideration by municipalities seeking additional water supply to meet future needs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08321.x |
| format | Article |
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A proven conservation measure to help meet increasing demand is the reclamation of wastewater for nonpotable purposes. Reclaimed water can be used for landscape and recreational grounds irrigation, industrial processes, cooling towers, air-conditioning, stack gas scrubbing, toilet flushing, construction, firefighting, and environmental enhancement such as maintaining urban stream flows and wetlands. Urban reuse requires dual distribution systems that use one system for potable water and another for reclaimed water. Dual systems are particularly appropriate for urban developments now being planned, but they can prove cost-effective even for systems that must be retrofitted. The economies arise from savings in the acquisition and development of new water sources and facilities and in wastewater treatment and disposal. Because the public health risk from nonpotable reuse is minimal, public acceptance is high and even enthusiastic. Nonpotable urban reuse is an option worth consideration by municipalities seeking additional water supply to meet future needs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-150X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1551-8833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08321.x</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAWWA5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Denver, CO: American Water Works Association</publisher><subject>Accident prevention ; Applied sciences ; Buildings. Public works ; Cholera ; Cities ; Construction ; Cooling ; Cost control ; Cost effectiveness ; Costs ; Customer services ; Distribution. Storage ; Drinking water ; Dual Distribution Systems ; Economic Impact ; Economics ; Exact sciences and technology ; Freshwater resources ; Health risks ; Irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Nuclear power plants ; Outdoor air quality ; Pollution ; Potable water ; Public health ; Public Opinion ; Quality assurance ; Reclaimed water ; Reuse ; Rivers ; Sewer systems ; Toilets ; Towns ; Urban Water Use ; Wastewater ; Wastewater reclamation ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewaters reuse. Miscellaneous ; Water Conservation ; Water quality ; Water reclamation ; Water shortages ; Water supply ; Water supply. Pipings. 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A proven conservation measure to help meet increasing demand is the reclamation of wastewater for nonpotable purposes. Reclaimed water can be used for landscape and recreational grounds irrigation, industrial processes, cooling towers, air-conditioning, stack gas scrubbing, toilet flushing, construction, firefighting, and environmental enhancement such as maintaining urban stream flows and wetlands. Urban reuse requires dual distribution systems that use one system for potable water and another for reclaimed water. Dual systems are particularly appropriate for urban developments now being planned, but they can prove cost-effective even for systems that must be retrofitted. The economies arise from savings in the acquisition and development of new water sources and facilities and in wastewater treatment and disposal. Because the public health risk from nonpotable reuse is minimal, public acceptance is high and even enthusiastic. Nonpotable urban reuse is an option worth consideration by municipalities seeking additional water supply to meet future needs.</description><subject>Accident prevention</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Buildings. Public works</subject><subject>Cholera</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Construction</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cost control</subject><subject>Cost effectiveness</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Customer services</subject><subject>Distribution. Storage</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Dual Distribution Systems</subject><subject>Economic Impact</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Freshwater resources</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Irrigation water</subject><subject>Nuclear power plants</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Potable water</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public Opinion</subject><subject>Quality assurance</subject><subject>Reclaimed water</subject><subject>Reuse</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Sewer systems</subject><subject>Toilets</subject><subject>Towns</subject><subject>Urban Water Use</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater reclamation</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Wastewaters reuse. Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Water Conservation</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water reclamation</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Water supply. Pipings. 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Storage</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Dual Distribution Systems</topic><topic>Economic Impact</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Freshwater resources</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Irrigation</topic><topic>Irrigation water</topic><topic>Nuclear power plants</topic><topic>Outdoor air quality</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Potable water</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Public Opinion</topic><topic>Quality assurance</topic><topic>Reclaimed water</topic><topic>Reuse</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Sewer systems</topic><topic>Toilets</topic><topic>Towns</topic><topic>Urban Water Use</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater reclamation</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Wastewaters reuse. Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Water Conservation</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water reclamation</topic><topic>Water shortages</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><topic>Water supply. 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A proven conservation measure to help meet increasing demand is the reclamation of wastewater for nonpotable purposes. Reclaimed water can be used for landscape and recreational grounds irrigation, industrial processes, cooling towers, air-conditioning, stack gas scrubbing, toilet flushing, construction, firefighting, and environmental enhancement such as maintaining urban stream flows and wetlands. Urban reuse requires dual distribution systems that use one system for potable water and another for reclaimed water. Dual systems are particularly appropriate for urban developments now being planned, but they can prove cost-effective even for systems that must be retrofitted. The economies arise from savings in the acquisition and development of new water sources and facilities and in wastewater treatment and disposal. Because the public health risk from nonpotable reuse is minimal, public acceptance is high and even enthusiastic. Nonpotable urban reuse is an option worth consideration by municipalities seeking additional water supply to meet future needs.</abstract><cop>Denver, CO</cop><pub>American Water Works Association</pub><doi>10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08321.x</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0003-150X |
| ispartof | Journal - American Water Works Association, 1997-11, Vol.89 (11), p.52-64 |
| issn | 0003-150X 1551-8833 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_21320675 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Accident prevention Applied sciences Buildings. Public works Cholera Cities Construction Cooling Cost control Cost effectiveness Costs Customer services Distribution. Storage Drinking water Dual Distribution Systems Economic Impact Economics Exact sciences and technology Freshwater resources Health risks Irrigation Irrigation water Nuclear power plants Outdoor air quality Pollution Potable water Public health Public Opinion Quality assurance Reclaimed water Reuse Rivers Sewer systems Toilets Towns Urban Water Use Wastewater Wastewater reclamation Wastewater treatment Wastewaters reuse. Miscellaneous Water Conservation Water quality Water reclamation Water shortages Water supply Water supply. Pipings. Water treatment Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Distributing reclaimed water through dual systems |
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