Designing and evaluation of urea microcapsules in vitro to improve nitrogen slow release availability in rumen
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in the development of novel and innovative vehicles for controlled release of urea into the rumen, aiming to provide ammonia‐N for the biosynthesis of proteins of bacterial origin and to prevent urea intoxication by direct feeding to livestock. Urea microencaps...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2019-03, Vol.99 (5), p.2541-2547 |
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| creator | Lira‐Casas, Raymundo Efren Ramirez‐Bribiesca, J Zavaleta‐Mancera, Hilda A Hidalgo‐Moreno, Claudia Cruz‐Monterrosa, Rosy G Crosby‐Galvan, María M Mendez‐Rojas, Miguel A Domínguez‐Vara, Ignacio A |
| description | BACKGROUND
There is a growing interest in the development of novel and innovative vehicles for controlled release of urea into the rumen, aiming to provide ammonia‐N for the biosynthesis of proteins of bacterial origin and to prevent urea intoxication by direct feeding to livestock. Urea microencapsulation is a system that can control the release of urea to be slow and steady.
RESULTS
The amount of encapsulated urea was 69% of CSU (calcium silicate + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) and 71% of ACU (activated charcoal + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) groups (p > 0.05) The buoyancy of the microcapsules was over 50% after 12 h of agitation in both groups (CSU and ACU), producing significant differences in the volume of the organic phase factor, which was 20 mL at the lowest value (p = 0.0005). The morphology of the microcapsules produced with CSU and ACU showed no significant differences in microcapsule morphology (p > 0.05). The lower temperature (35 versus 40 °C, p = 0.035) retained better morphology of the microcapsules. Regarding the in vitro ammonia‐N release kinetics, unprotected urea reached a maximal peak after 6 h, while CSU and ACU took more than 24 h to reach ammonia‐N released concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
We stabilized the physical factors in the microencapsulation of urea that can allow slow release of rumen fluid. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jsfa.9464 |
| format | Article |
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There is a growing interest in the development of novel and innovative vehicles for controlled release of urea into the rumen, aiming to provide ammonia‐N for the biosynthesis of proteins of bacterial origin and to prevent urea intoxication by direct feeding to livestock. Urea microencapsulation is a system that can control the release of urea to be slow and steady.
RESULTS
The amount of encapsulated urea was 69% of CSU (calcium silicate + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) and 71% of ACU (activated charcoal + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) groups (p > 0.05) The buoyancy of the microcapsules was over 50% after 12 h of agitation in both groups (CSU and ACU), producing significant differences in the volume of the organic phase factor, which was 20 mL at the lowest value (p = 0.0005). The morphology of the microcapsules produced with CSU and ACU showed no significant differences in microcapsule morphology (p > 0.05). The lower temperature (35 versus 40 °C, p = 0.035) retained better morphology of the microcapsules. Regarding the in vitro ammonia‐N release kinetics, unprotected urea reached a maximal peak after 6 h, while CSU and ACU took more than 24 h to reach ammonia‐N released concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
We stabilized the physical factors in the microencapsulation of urea that can allow slow release of rumen fluid. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9464</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30387165</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Activated carbon ; Activated charcoal ; Ammonia ; Biosynthesis ; Calcium ; Calcium silicates ; Charcoal ; Controlled release ; Dichloromethane ; in vitro ; Intoxication ; Kinetics ; Livestock ; Microcapsules ; Microencapsulation ; Morphology ; Nitrogen ; Organic chemistry ; Physical factors ; Proteins ; Reaction kinetics ; Rumen ; rumen fluid ; Urea ; Ureas</subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2019-03, Vol.99 (5), p.2541-2547</ispartof><rights>2018 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><rights>2018 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>2019 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-70c9e5c5f761a2addcc23ac2c4005e2c2bf960f3b0563ca6066b60b3c11834703</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-70c9e5c5f761a2addcc23ac2c4005e2c2bf960f3b0563ca6066b60b3c11834703</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2549-3353 ; 0000-0003-2859-013X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjsfa.9464$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjsfa.9464$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30387165$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lira‐Casas, Raymundo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Efren Ramirez‐Bribiesca, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zavaleta‐Mancera, Hilda A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hidalgo‐Moreno, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruz‐Monterrosa, Rosy G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crosby‐Galvan, María M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendez‐Rojas, Miguel A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domínguez‐Vara, Ignacio A</creatorcontrib><title>Designing and evaluation of urea microcapsules in vitro to improve nitrogen slow release availability in rumen</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND
There is a growing interest in the development of novel and innovative vehicles for controlled release of urea into the rumen, aiming to provide ammonia‐N for the biosynthesis of proteins of bacterial origin and to prevent urea intoxication by direct feeding to livestock. Urea microencapsulation is a system that can control the release of urea to be slow and steady.
RESULTS
The amount of encapsulated urea was 69% of CSU (calcium silicate + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) and 71% of ACU (activated charcoal + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) groups (p > 0.05) The buoyancy of the microcapsules was over 50% after 12 h of agitation in both groups (CSU and ACU), producing significant differences in the volume of the organic phase factor, which was 20 mL at the lowest value (p = 0.0005). The morphology of the microcapsules produced with CSU and ACU showed no significant differences in microcapsule morphology (p > 0.05). The lower temperature (35 versus 40 °C, p = 0.035) retained better morphology of the microcapsules. Regarding the in vitro ammonia‐N release kinetics, unprotected urea reached a maximal peak after 6 h, while CSU and ACU took more than 24 h to reach ammonia‐N released concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
We stabilized the physical factors in the microencapsulation of urea that can allow slow release of rumen fluid. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</description><subject>Activated carbon</subject><subject>Activated charcoal</subject><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium silicates</subject><subject>Charcoal</subject><subject>Controlled release</subject><subject>Dichloromethane</subject><subject>in vitro</subject><subject>Intoxication</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Microcapsules</subject><subject>Microencapsulation</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Physical factors</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Reaction kinetics</subject><subject>Rumen</subject><subject>rumen fluid</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Ureas</subject><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kUFP3DAQha2qVVmgB_4AstRLOQTGduJsjggKtELqoeUcTbyTlVeOvbWTRfvv67CUQ6WeRpr55unpPcbOBFwKAHm1ST1eNqUu37GFgKYuAAS8Z4t8k0UlSnnEjlPaAEDTaP2RHSlQy1roasH8LSW79tavOfoVpx26CUcbPA89nyIhH6yJweA2TY4St57v7BgDHwO3wzaGHXE_L9bkeXLhmUdyhIk47tA67Kyz435-i9NA_pR96NEl-vQ6T9jT3ddfNw_F44_7bzfXj4VRlSqLGkxDlan6WguUuFoZIxUaaUqAiqSRXd9o6FUHlVYGNWjdaeiUEWKpyhrUCfty0M0Of0-UxnawyZBz6ClMqZVCNpXKydQZ_fwPuglT9NldppZlDripZ-riQOUwUorUt9toB4z7VkA7l9DOJbRzCZk9f1WcuoFWb-Tf1DNwdQCeraP9_5Xa7z_vrl8k_wAoo5IB</recordid><startdate>20190330</startdate><enddate>20190330</enddate><creator>Lira‐Casas, Raymundo</creator><creator>Efren Ramirez‐Bribiesca, J</creator><creator>Zavaleta‐Mancera, Hilda A</creator><creator>Hidalgo‐Moreno, Claudia</creator><creator>Cruz‐Monterrosa, Rosy G</creator><creator>Crosby‐Galvan, María M</creator><creator>Mendez‐Rojas, Miguel A</creator><creator>Domínguez‐Vara, Ignacio A</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>John Wiley and Sons, Limited</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-3353</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-013X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190330</creationdate><title>Designing and evaluation of urea microcapsules in vitro to improve nitrogen slow release availability in rumen</title><author>Lira‐Casas, Raymundo ; Efren Ramirez‐Bribiesca, J ; Zavaleta‐Mancera, Hilda A ; Hidalgo‐Moreno, Claudia ; Cruz‐Monterrosa, Rosy G ; Crosby‐Galvan, María M ; Mendez‐Rojas, Miguel A ; Domínguez‐Vara, Ignacio A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3534-70c9e5c5f761a2addcc23ac2c4005e2c2bf960f3b0563ca6066b60b3c11834703</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Activated carbon</topic><topic>Activated charcoal</topic><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium silicates</topic><topic>Charcoal</topic><topic>Controlled release</topic><topic>Dichloromethane</topic><topic>in vitro</topic><topic>Intoxication</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Microcapsules</topic><topic>Microencapsulation</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Physical factors</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Reaction kinetics</topic><topic>Rumen</topic><topic>rumen fluid</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Ureas</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lira‐Casas, Raymundo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Efren Ramirez‐Bribiesca, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zavaleta‐Mancera, Hilda A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hidalgo‐Moreno, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruz‐Monterrosa, Rosy G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crosby‐Galvan, María M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendez‐Rojas, Miguel A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domínguez‐Vara, Ignacio A</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lira‐Casas, Raymundo</au><au>Efren Ramirez‐Bribiesca, J</au><au>Zavaleta‐Mancera, Hilda A</au><au>Hidalgo‐Moreno, Claudia</au><au>Cruz‐Monterrosa, Rosy G</au><au>Crosby‐Galvan, María M</au><au>Mendez‐Rojas, Miguel A</au><au>Domínguez‐Vara, Ignacio A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Designing and evaluation of urea microcapsules in vitro to improve nitrogen slow release availability in rumen</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><date>2019-03-30</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>99</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>2541</spage><epage>2547</epage><pages>2541-2547</pages><issn>0022-5142</issn><eissn>1097-0010</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND
There is a growing interest in the development of novel and innovative vehicles for controlled release of urea into the rumen, aiming to provide ammonia‐N for the biosynthesis of proteins of bacterial origin and to prevent urea intoxication by direct feeding to livestock. Urea microencapsulation is a system that can control the release of urea to be slow and steady.
RESULTS
The amount of encapsulated urea was 69% of CSU (calcium silicate + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) and 71% of ACU (activated charcoal + urea + Eudragit RS100® + dichloromethane) groups (p > 0.05) The buoyancy of the microcapsules was over 50% after 12 h of agitation in both groups (CSU and ACU), producing significant differences in the volume of the organic phase factor, which was 20 mL at the lowest value (p = 0.0005). The morphology of the microcapsules produced with CSU and ACU showed no significant differences in microcapsule morphology (p > 0.05). The lower temperature (35 versus 40 °C, p = 0.035) retained better morphology of the microcapsules. Regarding the in vitro ammonia‐N release kinetics, unprotected urea reached a maximal peak after 6 h, while CSU and ACU took more than 24 h to reach ammonia‐N released concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
We stabilized the physical factors in the microencapsulation of urea that can allow slow release of rumen fluid. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>30387165</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.9464</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-3353</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-013X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2019-03, Vol.99 (5), p.2541-2547 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Activated carbon Activated charcoal Ammonia Biosynthesis Calcium Calcium silicates Charcoal Controlled release Dichloromethane in vitro Intoxication Kinetics Livestock Microcapsules Microencapsulation Morphology Nitrogen Organic chemistry Physical factors Proteins Reaction kinetics Rumen rumen fluid Urea Ureas |
| title | Designing and evaluation of urea microcapsules in vitro to improve nitrogen slow release availability in rumen |
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