Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand
Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples. The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost 0-10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2008-01, Vol.136 (1-3), p.227-238 |
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| creator | Abrahim, G. M. S Parker, R. J |
| description | Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples. The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost 0-10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Pristine values for the cored sediments were determined from flat “base-line” metal trends evident in lower core samples. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species, and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Tamaki Estuary sediments have suffered significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization. Compared to baseline values the uppermost sediment layers show four-fold enrichment averaged across eight cores and four analysed metals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2 |
| format | Article |
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M. S ; Parker, R. J</creator><creatorcontrib>Abrahim, G. M. S ; Parker, R. J</creatorcontrib><description>Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples. The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost 0-10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Pristine values for the cored sediments were determined from flat “base-line” metal trends evident in lower core samples. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species, and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Tamaki Estuary sediments have suffered significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization. Compared to baseline values the uppermost sediment layers show four-fold enrichment averaged across eight cores and four analysed metals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17370131</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EMASDH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic factors ; Applied sciences ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Auckland ; Brackish ; Contamination ; Cores ; Degree of contamination ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Enrichment ; Enrichment factor ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Monitoring ; Estuaries ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geologic Sediments - analysis ; Heavy metals ; Humans ; Industrial concentration ; Marine ; Marine ecology ; Marine pollution ; Marine sediments ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; New Zealand ; Pollutants ; Pollution ; Pollution sources. Measurement results ; Pollution, environment geology ; Reference materials ; Scientific imaging ; Seawater - chemistry ; Sediments ; Sediments pollution ; Soil and sediments pollution ; Studies ; Tamaki Estuary ; Urbanization ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2008-01, Vol.136 (1-3), p.227-238</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c551t-181c37473effd194a254eb1577e92b43009a127d0de13de71240d73e5046ee383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c551t-181c37473effd194a254eb1577e92b43009a127d0de13de71240d73e5046ee383</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19947062$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17370131$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abrahim, G. M. S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parker, R. J</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand</title><title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</title><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><description>Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples. The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost 0-10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Pristine values for the cored sediments were determined from flat “base-line” metal trends evident in lower core samples. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species, and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Tamaki Estuary sediments have suffered significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization. Compared to baseline values the uppermost sediment layers show four-fold enrichment averaged across eight cores and four analysed metals.</description><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Auckland</subject><subject>Brackish</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Cores</subject><subject>Degree of contamination</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Enrichment factor</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments - analysis</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Industrial concentration</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine ecology</subject><subject>Marine pollution</subject><subject>Marine sediments</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>New Zealand</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution sources. 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M. S</au><au>Parker, R. J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand</atitle><jtitle>Environmental monitoring and assessment</jtitle><stitle>Environ Monit Assess</stitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><date>2008-01-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>136</volume><issue>1-3</issue><spage>227</spage><epage>238</epage><pages>227-238</pages><issn>0167-6369</issn><eissn>1573-2959</eissn><coden>EMASDH</coden><abstract>Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples. The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost 0-10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Pristine values for the cored sediments were determined from flat “base-line” metal trends evident in lower core samples. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species, and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Tamaki Estuary sediments have suffered significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization. Compared to baseline values the uppermost sediment layers show four-fold enrichment averaged across eight cores and four analysed metals.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>17370131</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anthropogenic factors Applied sciences Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Auckland Brackish Contamination Cores Degree of contamination Earth and Environmental Science Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ecology Ecotoxicology Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Enrichment Enrichment factor Environment Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Estuaries Exact sciences and technology Geologic Sediments - analysis Heavy metals Humans Industrial concentration Marine Marine ecology Marine pollution Marine sediments Metal concentrations Metals Metals, Heavy - analysis Monitoring/Environmental Analysis New Zealand Pollutants Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Pollution, environment geology Reference materials Scientific imaging Seawater - chemistry Sediments Sediments pollution Soil and sediments pollution Studies Tamaki Estuary Urbanization Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis |
| title | Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand |
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