Water Quality and Trace Metal Distribution in a Pristine Lake in the Lake Basin in Kenya
Water and surface sediment samples taken from various locations within Lake Kanyaboli in the Lake Victoria basin were analysed to determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals. There were wide ranges in concentrations of the metals among the sampling points analysed. Sediment concentr...
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description | Water and surface sediment samples taken from various locations within Lake Kanyaboli in the Lake Victoria basin were analysed to determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals. There were wide ranges in concentrations of the metals among the sampling points analysed. Sediment concentrations (μg/g dry weight) ranged from n.d.-2.54 (Ag), 0.25-1.08 (Cd), 0.89-1.64 (Co), 3.7-7.73 (Cr), 1.80-30.27 (Cu), 1073-2627 (Mn), 22.61-55.60 (Ni), 11.42-153.9 (Pb), 40.46-154.7 (Sn) and 65.0-146.5 (Zn). Dissolved metal concentrations (μg/L) ranged from n.d.-9.22 (Ag), n.d.-5.54 (Cd), n.d.-8.30 (Co), 5.26-60.82 (Cr), 10.96-43.11 (Cu), 184.7-375.9 (Mn), 1.84-38.3 (Ni), 5.98-47.77 (Pb), n.d.-540.6 (Sn) and 14.5-55.9 (Zn). Compared with WHO standards and other freshwaters worldwide, this lake was found to be unpolluted, with all metals, except Mn, being detected at concentrations lower than the highest desirable levels and maximum permissible levels. Some of the toxic metals, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd (in sediment) and Ag, Co and Pb (in water) were detected at lower concentrations than those found in the polluted Kisumu Pier in Winam Gulf in the Lake basin, which confirms the anthropogenic influence on the latter. |
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Z ; Lalah, J. O ; Wandiga, S. O</creator><creatorcontrib>Ochieng, E. Z ; Lalah, J. O ; Wandiga, S. O</creatorcontrib><description>Water and surface sediment samples taken from various locations within Lake Kanyaboli in the Lake Victoria basin were analysed to determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals. There were wide ranges in concentrations of the metals among the sampling points analysed. Sediment concentrations (μg/g dry weight) ranged from n.d.-2.54 (Ag), 0.25-1.08 (Cd), 0.89-1.64 (Co), 3.7-7.73 (Cr), 1.80-30.27 (Cu), 1073-2627 (Mn), 22.61-55.60 (Ni), 11.42-153.9 (Pb), 40.46-154.7 (Sn) and 65.0-146.5 (Zn). Dissolved metal concentrations (μg/L) ranged from n.d.-9.22 (Ag), n.d.-5.54 (Cd), n.d.-8.30 (Co), 5.26-60.82 (Cr), 10.96-43.11 (Cu), 184.7-375.9 (Mn), 1.84-38.3 (Ni), 5.98-47.77 (Pb), n.d.-540.6 (Sn) and 14.5-55.9 (Zn). Compared with WHO standards and other freshwaters worldwide, this lake was found to be unpolluted, with all metals, except Mn, being detected at concentrations lower than the highest desirable levels and maximum permissible levels. Some of the toxic metals, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd (in sediment) and Ag, Co and Pb (in water) were detected at lower concentrations than those found in the polluted Kisumu Pier in Winam Gulf in the Lake basin, which confirms the anthropogenic influence on the latter.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-4861</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0800</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9372-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18320131</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: New York : Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic factors ; Aquatic Pollution ; Cadmium ; Copper ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Electric Conductivity ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Fresh Water - analysis ; Freshwater ; Geochemistry ; Heavy metals ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kenya ; Lake basins ; Lakes ; Lead ; Limnology ; Metal concentrations ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Oxygen - analysis ; Pollution ; Sediment samplers ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Temperature ; Trace Elements - analysis ; Trace metals ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Water Pollution, Chemical - analysis ; Water quality ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2008-04, Vol.80 (4), p.362-368</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-5895547b156a795667e7259306f32f4b62e646fbed248f7dfd3767ef873f390d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-5895547b156a795667e7259306f32f4b62e646fbed248f7dfd3767ef873f390d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00128-008-9372-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00128-008-9372-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18320131$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ochieng, E. Z</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lalah, J. O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wandiga, S. O</creatorcontrib><title>Water Quality and Trace Metal Distribution in a Pristine Lake in the Lake Basin in Kenya</title><title>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</title><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><description>Water and surface sediment samples taken from various locations within Lake Kanyaboli in the Lake Victoria basin were analysed to determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals. There were wide ranges in concentrations of the metals among the sampling points analysed. Sediment concentrations (μg/g dry weight) ranged from n.d.-2.54 (Ag), 0.25-1.08 (Cd), 0.89-1.64 (Co), 3.7-7.73 (Cr), 1.80-30.27 (Cu), 1073-2627 (Mn), 22.61-55.60 (Ni), 11.42-153.9 (Pb), 40.46-154.7 (Sn) and 65.0-146.5 (Zn). Dissolved metal concentrations (μg/L) ranged from n.d.-9.22 (Ag), n.d.-5.54 (Cd), n.d.-8.30 (Co), 5.26-60.82 (Cr), 10.96-43.11 (Cu), 184.7-375.9 (Mn), 1.84-38.3 (Ni), 5.98-47.77 (Pb), n.d.-540.6 (Sn) and 14.5-55.9 (Zn). Compared with WHO standards and other freshwaters worldwide, this lake was found to be unpolluted, with all metals, except Mn, being detected at concentrations lower than the highest desirable levels and maximum permissible levels. Some of the toxic metals, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd (in sediment) and Ag, Co and Pb (in water) were detected at lower concentrations than those found in the polluted Kisumu Pier in Winam Gulf in the Lake basin, which confirms the anthropogenic influence on the latter.</description><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Electric Conductivity</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Fresh Water - analysis</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Kenya</subject><subject>Lake basins</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Limnology</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Nephelometry and Turbidimetry</subject><subject>Oxygen - analysis</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Sediment samplers</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Atomic</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Trace Elements - analysis</subject><subject>Trace metals</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Water Pollution, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0007-4861</issn><issn>1432-0800</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kDtPwzAYRS0EoqXwA1jAYmAL-BE_MkJ5iiJAtILNchq7GNKk2MnQf49LKlViYLL1-dz7WQeAQ4zOMELiPCCEiUwQkklGBUnIFujjlJIESYS2QR9FKEklxz2wF8JnpJkkZBf0sKQEYYr74P1NN8bDl1aXrllCXRVw7PXUwEfT6BJeudB4l7eNqyvoKqjhs48jVxk40l9mNWo-1vdLHdwv9GCqpd4HO1aXwRyszwGY3FyPh3fJ6On2fngxSqYpSZuEyYyxVOSYcS0yxrkwgrCMIm4psWnOieEpt7kpSCqtKGxBRWSsFNTSDBV0AE673oWvv1sTGjV3YWrKUlemboMimAiaURbBkz_gZ936Kv5NEUqx5IzjCOEOmvo6BG-sWng3136pMFIr56pzrqJztXIeswNwtC5u87kpNom15AiQDgjxqZoZv9n8X-txF7K6VnoWravJ66ovMhmnDNEftnCSTQ</recordid><startdate>20080401</startdate><enddate>20080401</enddate><creator>Ochieng, E. 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Z</au><au>Lalah, J. O</au><au>Wandiga, S. O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Water Quality and Trace Metal Distribution in a Pristine Lake in the Lake Basin in Kenya</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</jtitle><stitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</stitle><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><date>2008-04-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>362</spage><epage>368</epage><pages>362-368</pages><issn>0007-4861</issn><eissn>1432-0800</eissn><abstract>Water and surface sediment samples taken from various locations within Lake Kanyaboli in the Lake Victoria basin were analysed to determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals. There were wide ranges in concentrations of the metals among the sampling points analysed. Sediment concentrations (μg/g dry weight) ranged from n.d.-2.54 (Ag), 0.25-1.08 (Cd), 0.89-1.64 (Co), 3.7-7.73 (Cr), 1.80-30.27 (Cu), 1073-2627 (Mn), 22.61-55.60 (Ni), 11.42-153.9 (Pb), 40.46-154.7 (Sn) and 65.0-146.5 (Zn). Dissolved metal concentrations (μg/L) ranged from n.d.-9.22 (Ag), n.d.-5.54 (Cd), n.d.-8.30 (Co), 5.26-60.82 (Cr), 10.96-43.11 (Cu), 184.7-375.9 (Mn), 1.84-38.3 (Ni), 5.98-47.77 (Pb), n.d.-540.6 (Sn) and 14.5-55.9 (Zn). Compared with WHO standards and other freshwaters worldwide, this lake was found to be unpolluted, with all metals, except Mn, being detected at concentrations lower than the highest desirable levels and maximum permissible levels. Some of the toxic metals, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd (in sediment) and Ag, Co and Pb (in water) were detected at lower concentrations than those found in the polluted Kisumu Pier in Winam Gulf in the Lake basin, which confirms the anthropogenic influence on the latter.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>New York : Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>18320131</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00128-008-9372-2</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Anthropogenic factors Aquatic Pollution Cadmium Copper Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Electric Conductivity Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Fresh Water - analysis Freshwater Geochemistry Heavy metals Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Kenya Lake basins Lakes Lead Limnology Metal concentrations Metals, Heavy - analysis Nephelometry and Turbidimetry Oxygen - analysis Pollution Sediment samplers Soil Science & Conservation Spectrophotometry, Atomic Temperature Trace Elements - analysis Trace metals Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Water Pollution, Chemical - analysis Water quality Zinc |
title | Water Quality and Trace Metal Distribution in a Pristine Lake in the Lake Basin in Kenya |
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