The changes and the predictors of suicide ideation and suicide attempt among HIV‐positive patients at 6–12 months post diagnosis: A longitudinal study

Aims This study examined the changes and the predictors of suicide ideation/suicide attempt and the moderating effects of psychosocial factors on the suicide ideation/suicide attempts among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients at 6–12 months post‐diagnosis. Background Suicide behaviours are prevalent among newly diagnosed HIV‐positive patients, but the changes in suicide behaviours after diagnosis and the role of psychosocial factors in these behaviours are not well studied. Design This study used a prospective longitudinal design. Methods A total of 113 participants diagnosed as HIV‐positive for 6–12 months were recruited from the outpatient department. Data were collected from June 2015 – October 2016. They were asked to complete Beck's Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Beck Depression Inventory‐II, the Body Image Scale, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support at baseline, the third month and the sixth month. Results The results showed the high occurrence rates for suicide ideation ranging from 27.2%, 21.6%, and 25.8% and suicide attempt ranging from 14.7%, 8.6%, and 13.3% at the baseline, the third month and the sixth month, respectively. The education level, social support from family and depressive symptoms were the predictors of suicide ideation. The history of depression disorders, depressive symptoms and social support from friends significantly predicted suicide attempt. Meaning in life‐presence moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Conclusions After diagnosed for 6–12 months, HIV‐positive patients remain the high‐risk group for suicide ideation and attempt. Suicide intervention targeting the risk and protective factors are required for HIV‐positive patients. 目的 研究HIV阳性患者确诊后6‐12个月自杀意念/自杀企图的变化与预测因素,以及心理社会因素对自杀意念/自杀企图的调节作用。 背景 自杀行为在新确诊的HIV阳性患者中非常普遍,但诊断后自杀行为的变化及心理社会因素在这些行为中的作用尚未得到很好的研究。 设计 本研究采用前瞻性纵向设计。 方法 共从门诊部招募了113名参与者,他们在6‐12个月内被确诊为HIV阳性。收集2015年6月—2016年10月间的数据。要求参与者在基线期、第3个月和第6个月填写Beck自杀意念量表、Beck抑郁问卷II、体象量表、生活意义问卷及多维领悟社会支持量表。 结果 研究结果表明,在基线期、第3个月和第6个月,自杀意念的高发率分别为27.2%、21.6%和25.8%;自杀企图的高发率分别为14.7%、8.6%和3.3%。自杀意念的预测因素为教育水平、来自家庭的社会支持及抑郁症状。抑郁症史、抑郁症状、和来自朋友的社会支持明显预测了自杀企图。生活意义缓和了抑郁症状和自杀意念之间的关系。 结论 HIV阳性患者在确诊6‐12个月后,仍是自杀意念和自杀企图的高危人群。HIV阳性患者需要针对风险和保护因素的自杀干预。