Size and XAD fractionations of trihalomethane precursors from soils
Soil organic matter is an important source of allochthonous dissolved organic matter inputs to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta waterways, which is a drinking water source for 22 million people in California, USA. Knowledge of trihalomethane (THM) formation potential of soil-derived organic carbon i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Chemosphere (Oxford) 2006-03, Vol.62 (10), p.1636-1646 |
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| creator | Chow, Alex T. Guo, Fengmao Gao, Suduan Breuer, Richard S. |
| description | Soil organic matter is an important source of allochthonous dissolved organic matter inputs to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta waterways, which is a drinking water source for 22 million people in California, USA. Knowledge of trihalomethane (THM) formation potential of soil-derived organic carbon is important for developing effective strategies for organic carbon removal in drinking water treatment. In this study, soil organic carbon was extracted with electrolytes (deionized H
2O and Na- or Ca-based electrolytes) of electrical conductivity bracketing those found in Delta leaching and runoff conditions. The extracts were physically and chemically separated into different fractions: colloidal organic carbon (0.45–0.1
μm), fine colloidal organic carbon (0.1–0.025
μm), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.039 |
| format | Article |
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2O and Na- or Ca-based electrolytes) of electrical conductivity bracketing those found in Delta leaching and runoff conditions. The extracts were physically and chemically separated into different fractions: colloidal organic carbon (0.45–0.1
μm), fine colloidal organic carbon (0.1–0.025
μm), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (<0.025
μm); hydrophobic acid (HPOA), transphilic acid, and hydrophilic acid. Two representative Delta soils, Rindge Muck (a peat soil) and Scribner Clay Loam (a mineral soil) were examined. Results showed that less than 2% of soil organic carbon was electrolyte-extractable and heterogeneous organic fractions with distinct THM reactivity existed. Regardless of soil and electrolytes, DOC and HPOA fractions were dominant in terms of total concentration and THMFP. The amounts of extractable organic carbon and THMFP were dependent on the cation and to a lesser extent on electrical conductivity of electrolytes. Along with our previous study on temperature and moisture effects on DOC production, we propose a conceptual model to describe the impacts of agricultural practices on DOC production in the Delta. DOC is mainly produced in the surface peat soils during the summer and is immobilized by accumulated salt in the soils. DOC is leached from soils to drainage ditches and finally to the Delta channels during winter salt leaching practices.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0045-6535</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1298</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.039</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16095666</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CMSHAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; California ; Carbon - isolation & purification ; clay loam soils ; Colloidal organic carbon ; delta soils ; Dissolved organic carbon ; dissolved organic matter ; drainage water ; Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Electrolytes - chemistry ; Exact sciences and technology ; fractionation ; Geochemistry ; leaching ; losses from soil ; Mineralogy ; organic compounds ; Peat soil ; peat soils ; Pollution ; Resins, Synthetic - chemistry ; Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta ; Salt effects ; Silicates ; soil colloids ; soil organic carbon ; soil organic matter ; Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification ; Solubility ; Trihalomethanes - isolation & purification ; Water geochemistry ; Water Purification - methods ; Water Supply - standards ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Chemosphere (Oxford), 2006-03, Vol.62 (10), p.1636-1646</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a580t-e50332439e2e6be20ae366205a1105f0be9da69a6ae74d1fb2dfd6c0ddc74c953</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a580t-e50332439e2e6be20ae366205a1105f0be9da69a6ae74d1fb2dfd6c0ddc74c953</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.039$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3541,27915,27916,45986</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17582481$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16095666$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chow, Alex T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Fengmao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Suduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breuer, Richard S.</creatorcontrib><title>Size and XAD fractionations of trihalomethane precursors from soils</title><title>Chemosphere (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><description>Soil organic matter is an important source of allochthonous dissolved organic matter inputs to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta waterways, which is a drinking water source for 22 million people in California, USA. Knowledge of trihalomethane (THM) formation potential of soil-derived organic carbon is important for developing effective strategies for organic carbon removal in drinking water treatment. In this study, soil organic carbon was extracted with electrolytes (deionized H
2O and Na- or Ca-based electrolytes) of electrical conductivity bracketing those found in Delta leaching and runoff conditions. The extracts were physically and chemically separated into different fractions: colloidal organic carbon (0.45–0.1
μm), fine colloidal organic carbon (0.1–0.025
μm), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (<0.025
μm); hydrophobic acid (HPOA), transphilic acid, and hydrophilic acid. Two representative Delta soils, Rindge Muck (a peat soil) and Scribner Clay Loam (a mineral soil) were examined. Results showed that less than 2% of soil organic carbon was electrolyte-extractable and heterogeneous organic fractions with distinct THM reactivity existed. Regardless of soil and electrolytes, DOC and HPOA fractions were dominant in terms of total concentration and THMFP. The amounts of extractable organic carbon and THMFP were dependent on the cation and to a lesser extent on electrical conductivity of electrolytes. Along with our previous study on temperature and moisture effects on DOC production, we propose a conceptual model to describe the impacts of agricultural practices on DOC production in the Delta. DOC is mainly produced in the surface peat soils during the summer and is immobilized by accumulated salt in the soils. DOC is leached from soils to drainage ditches and finally to the Delta channels during winter salt leaching practices.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>California</subject><subject>Carbon - isolation & purification</subject><subject>clay loam soils</subject><subject>Colloidal organic carbon</subject><subject>delta soils</subject><subject>Dissolved organic carbon</subject><subject>dissolved organic matter</subject><subject>drainage water</subject><subject>Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Electrolytes - chemistry</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>fractionation</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>leaching</subject><subject>losses from soil</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>organic compounds</subject><subject>Peat soil</subject><subject>peat soils</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Resins, Synthetic - chemistry</subject><subject>Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta</subject><subject>Salt effects</subject><subject>Silicates</subject><subject>soil colloids</subject><subject>soil organic carbon</subject><subject>soil organic matter</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Water geochemistry</subject><subject>Water Purification - methods</subject><subject>Water Supply - standards</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0045-6535</issn><issn>1879-1298</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcFO3DAQhq2KqiyUVyjh0N4SxnbsxEe0tLQSEgeKxM3y2pOuV0m82NlK5elxtCvRGxw8vnz_zOgbQi4oVBSovNxUdo1DSNs1RqwYgKhAVsDVB7KgbaNKylR7RBYAtSil4OKYnKS0AchhoT6RYypBCSnlgizv_TMWZnTF49V10UVjJx9GM5dUhK6Yol-bPgw4rc2IxTai3cUUYspsGIoUfJ8-k4-d6ROeHf5T8vDj--_lz_L27ubX8uq2NKKFqUQBnLOaK2QoV8jAIJeSgTCUguhghcoZqYw02NSOdivmOictOGeb2irBT8m3fd9tDE87TJMefLLY93mzsEuaUcb4_N4Cad00dSNlBtUetDGkFLHT2-gHE_9pCnpWrTf6P9V6Vq1B6qw6Z78chuxWA7rX5MFtBr4eAJOs6bPb0fr0yjWiZXVLM3e-5zoTtPkTM_Nwz4ByoNDWbTN3Wu4JzHb_eow6WY-jRefzPSbtgn_Hwi966Kwr</recordid><startdate>20060301</startdate><enddate>20060301</enddate><creator>Chow, Alex T.</creator><creator>Guo, Fengmao</creator><creator>Gao, Suduan</creator><creator>Breuer, Richard S.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060301</creationdate><title>Size and XAD fractionations of trihalomethane precursors from soils</title><author>Chow, Alex T. ; Guo, Fengmao ; Gao, Suduan ; Breuer, Richard S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a580t-e50332439e2e6be20ae366205a1105f0be9da69a6ae74d1fb2dfd6c0ddc74c953</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>California</topic><topic>Carbon - isolation & purification</topic><topic>clay loam soils</topic><topic>Colloidal organic carbon</topic><topic>delta soils</topic><topic>Dissolved organic carbon</topic><topic>dissolved organic matter</topic><topic>drainage water</topic><topic>Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Electrolytes - chemistry</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>fractionation</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>leaching</topic><topic>losses from soil</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>organic compounds</topic><topic>Peat soil</topic><topic>peat soils</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Resins, Synthetic - chemistry</topic><topic>Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta</topic><topic>Salt effects</topic><topic>Silicates</topic><topic>soil colloids</topic><topic>soil organic carbon</topic><topic>soil organic matter</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Solubility</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Water geochemistry</topic><topic>Water Purification - methods</topic><topic>Water Supply - standards</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chow, Alex T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Fengmao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Suduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breuer, Richard S.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chow, Alex T.</au><au>Guo, Fengmao</au><au>Gao, Suduan</au><au>Breuer, Richard S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Size and XAD fractionations of trihalomethane precursors from soils</atitle><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><date>2006-03-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1636</spage><epage>1646</epage><pages>1636-1646</pages><issn>0045-6535</issn><eissn>1879-1298</eissn><coden>CMSHAF</coden><abstract>Soil organic matter is an important source of allochthonous dissolved organic matter inputs to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta waterways, which is a drinking water source for 22 million people in California, USA. Knowledge of trihalomethane (THM) formation potential of soil-derived organic carbon is important for developing effective strategies for organic carbon removal in drinking water treatment. In this study, soil organic carbon was extracted with electrolytes (deionized H
2O and Na- or Ca-based electrolytes) of electrical conductivity bracketing those found in Delta leaching and runoff conditions. The extracts were physically and chemically separated into different fractions: colloidal organic carbon (0.45–0.1
μm), fine colloidal organic carbon (0.1–0.025
μm), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (<0.025
μm); hydrophobic acid (HPOA), transphilic acid, and hydrophilic acid. Two representative Delta soils, Rindge Muck (a peat soil) and Scribner Clay Loam (a mineral soil) were examined. Results showed that less than 2% of soil organic carbon was electrolyte-extractable and heterogeneous organic fractions with distinct THM reactivity existed. Regardless of soil and electrolytes, DOC and HPOA fractions were dominant in terms of total concentration and THMFP. The amounts of extractable organic carbon and THMFP were dependent on the cation and to a lesser extent on electrical conductivity of electrolytes. Along with our previous study on temperature and moisture effects on DOC production, we propose a conceptual model to describe the impacts of agricultural practices on DOC production in the Delta. DOC is mainly produced in the surface peat soils during the summer and is immobilized by accumulated salt in the soils. DOC is leached from soils to drainage ditches and finally to the Delta channels during winter salt leaching practices.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>16095666</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.039</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences California Carbon - isolation & purification clay loam soils Colloidal organic carbon delta soils Dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic matter drainage water Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Electrolytes - chemistry Exact sciences and technology fractionation Geochemistry leaching losses from soil Mineralogy organic compounds Peat soil peat soils Pollution Resins, Synthetic - chemistry Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Salt effects Silicates soil colloids soil organic carbon soil organic matter Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification Solubility Trihalomethanes - isolation & purification Water geochemistry Water Purification - methods Water Supply - standards Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Size and XAD fractionations of trihalomethane precursors from soils |
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