Exercise and the control of muscle mass in human

During the course of life, muscle mass undergoes many changes in terms of quantity and quality. Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue able to hypertrophy or atrophy according to growth, ageing, physical activity, nutrition and health state. The purpose of the present review is to present the mechanism...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pflügers Archiv 2019-03, Vol.471 (3), p.397-411
Hauptverfasser: Francaux, Marc, Deldicque, Louise
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description During the course of life, muscle mass undergoes many changes in terms of quantity and quality. Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue able to hypertrophy or atrophy according to growth, ageing, physical activity, nutrition and health state. The purpose of the present review is to present the mechanisms by which exercise can induce changes in human skeletal muscle mass by modulating protein balance and regulating the fate of satellite cells. Exercise is known to exert transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulations as well as to induce epigenetic modifications and to control messenger RNA stability, which all contribute to the regulation of protein synthesis. Exercise also regulates the autophagy–lysosomal and the ubiquitin–proteasome pathways, the two main proteolytic systems in skeletal muscle, indicating that exercise participates to the regulation of the quality control mechanisms of cellular components and, therefore, to muscle health. Finally, activation, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells can be enhanced by exercise to induce muscle remodelling and hypertrophy. Each of these mechanisms can potentially impact skeletal muscle mass, depending on the intensity, duration and frequency with which the signal appears.
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subjects Aging
Aging - physiology
Animals
Atrophy
Autophagy
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Cell proliferation
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Human Physiology
Humans
Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy - physiopathology
Invited Review
Molecular Medicine
mRNA stability
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Muscular Atrophy - physiopathology
Musculoskeletal system
Neurosciences
Phagocytosis
Physical activity
Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology
Physical fitness
Physical training
Post-translation
Proteasomes
Protein biosynthesis
Proteolysis
Quality control
Receptors
Satellite cells
Signal Transduction - physiology
Skeletal muscle
Transcription
Translation
Ubiquitin
title Exercise and the control of muscle mass in human
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