Apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease are associated with functional deficit and psychotropic prescription
Background Apathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical and functional specific correlates of these syndromes are not well known independently from cognitive deficits and other behavioral disturbances. Material and methods Six hun...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2008-04, Vol.23 (4), p.409-414 |
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| container_title | International journal of geriatric psychiatry |
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| creator | Benoit, M. Andrieu, S. Lechowski, L. Gillette-Guyonnet, S. Robert, P. H. Vellas, B. |
| description | Background
Apathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical and functional specific correlates of these syndromes are not well known independently from cognitive deficits and other behavioral disturbances.
Material and methods
Six hundred and eighty‐six patients diagnosed with possible or probable AD were included in a prospective multicenter study (REAL‐FR). They had an assessment of their cognitive and functional status. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and caregiver's burden was measured with Zarit's Burden Scale.
Results
A majority of patients at any stage of the disease presented with one or several behavioral and psychological disturbances. Apathy concerned 43% of patients and, with or without depression, was associated with more pronounced deficits in global cognition, everyday life and instrumental abilities, nutritional status and with a higher burden level. A high level of psychotropic prescription, especially with antidepressant, was observed in patients with apathy. In a multivariate analysis taking into account the cognitive and functional variables of AD, apathy and depression were the only significant predictors of psychotropic prescription.
Conclusion
Some negative neuropsychiatric symptoms such as apathy and depression have a specific relation with functional and therapeutic outcomes of AD, independently from cognitive status. Further studies are needed to establish if apathy represents a particularly severe phenotype of AD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/gps.1895 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_21144473</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>21144473</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4455-6020e1dedcf5d716dbbc15d9424dc1b8187bb7a5b74aff99b112b74383f204593</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kV2L1DAUhoMo7rgK_gIJgh83XZM0aZrLcdVRWT9ARdibkObDyW6n7ea0rOOvN3XKCoIX4QTy5DkneRF6SMkJJYS9-DHACa2VuIVWlChVUFpVt9GK1LUoKlaSI3QP4IKQfEbru-iIylylJCt0tR7MuN1j0zns_JA8QOw7HDu8bn9tfdz59Aywi-ANeGxSXgC9jWb0Dl_HcYvD1Nkx3zFtFoRo4_hHNsDebvsx9UO0ePbaFIeZu4_uBNOCf7DUY_Ttzeuvp2-Ls0-bd6frs8JyLvLYhBFPnXc2CCdp5ZrGUuEUZ9xZ2tR5_qaRRjSSmxCUaihleV_WZWCEC1Ueo6cH75D6q8nDqHcRrG9b0_l-As0o5ZzLMoOP_wEv-inl92SGESGUKGfb8wNkUw-QfNBDijuT9poSPWegcwZ6ziCjjxbf1Oy8-wsun56BJwtgwJo2JNPZCDccI4zVRM6i4sBdx9bv_9tQbz5_WRovfITR_7zhTbrUlSyl0N8_brR69UG8J-cv9Xn5G8k4rYk</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>220559539</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease are associated with functional deficit and psychotropic prescription</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Benoit, M. ; Andrieu, S. ; Lechowski, L. ; Gillette-Guyonnet, S. ; Robert, P. H. ; Vellas, B.</creator><creatorcontrib>Benoit, M. ; Andrieu, S. ; Lechowski, L. ; Gillette-Guyonnet, S. ; Robert, P. H. ; Vellas, B. ; REAL-FR group</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Apathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical and functional specific correlates of these syndromes are not well known independently from cognitive deficits and other behavioral disturbances.
Material and methods
Six hundred and eighty‐six patients diagnosed with possible or probable AD were included in a prospective multicenter study (REAL‐FR). They had an assessment of their cognitive and functional status. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and caregiver's burden was measured with Zarit's Burden Scale.
Results
A majority of patients at any stage of the disease presented with one or several behavioral and psychological disturbances. Apathy concerned 43% of patients and, with or without depression, was associated with more pronounced deficits in global cognition, everyday life and instrumental abilities, nutritional status and with a higher burden level. A high level of psychotropic prescription, especially with antidepressant, was observed in patients with apathy. In a multivariate analysis taking into account the cognitive and functional variables of AD, apathy and depression were the only significant predictors of psychotropic prescription.
Conclusion
Some negative neuropsychiatric symptoms such as apathy and depression have a specific relation with functional and therapeutic outcomes of AD, independently from cognitive status. Further studies are needed to establish if apathy represents a particularly severe phenotype of AD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-6230</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1166</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/gps.1895</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17918770</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJGPES</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease - psychology ; Alzheimer's disease ; antidepressant ; Antidepressants ; Antidepressive Agents - administration & dosage ; Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects ; Apathy ; behavioral disturbances ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cognition Disorders - etiology ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder - etiology ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; functional status ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Geriatric psychiatry ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Lethargy - etiology ; Lethargy - psychology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mood disorders ; Multivariate analysis ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychiatry ; Psychoanalysis ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychotropic drugs ; Psychotropic Drugs - administration & dosage ; Psychotropic Drugs - adverse effects</subject><ispartof>International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 2008-04, Vol.23 (4), p.409-414</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright John Wiley and Sons, Limited Apr 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4455-6020e1dedcf5d716dbbc15d9424dc1b8187bb7a5b74aff99b112b74383f204593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4455-6020e1dedcf5d716dbbc15d9424dc1b8187bb7a5b74aff99b112b74383f204593</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fgps.1895$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fgps.1895$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20228075$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17918770$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Benoit, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrieu, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lechowski, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gillette-Guyonnet, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robert, P. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vellas, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>REAL-FR group</creatorcontrib><title>Apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease are associated with functional deficit and psychotropic prescription</title><title>International journal of geriatric psychiatry</title><addtitle>Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Background
Apathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical and functional specific correlates of these syndromes are not well known independently from cognitive deficits and other behavioral disturbances.
Material and methods
Six hundred and eighty‐six patients diagnosed with possible or probable AD were included in a prospective multicenter study (REAL‐FR). They had an assessment of their cognitive and functional status. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and caregiver's burden was measured with Zarit's Burden Scale.
Results
A majority of patients at any stage of the disease presented with one or several behavioral and psychological disturbances. Apathy concerned 43% of patients and, with or without depression, was associated with more pronounced deficits in global cognition, everyday life and instrumental abilities, nutritional status and with a higher burden level. A high level of psychotropic prescription, especially with antidepressant, was observed in patients with apathy. In a multivariate analysis taking into account the cognitive and functional variables of AD, apathy and depression were the only significant predictors of psychotropic prescription.
Conclusion
Some negative neuropsychiatric symptoms such as apathy and depression have a specific relation with functional and therapeutic outcomes of AD, independently from cognitive status. Further studies are needed to establish if apathy represents a particularly severe phenotype of AD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - psychology</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>antidepressant</subject><subject>Antidepressants</subject><subject>Antidepressive Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>Apathy</subject><subject>behavioral disturbances</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition Disorders - etiology</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - etiology</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>functional status</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Geriatric psychiatry</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lethargy - etiology</subject><subject>Lethargy - psychology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychoanalysis</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychotropic drugs</subject><subject>Psychotropic Drugs - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Psychotropic Drugs - adverse effects</subject><issn>0885-6230</issn><issn>1099-1166</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kV2L1DAUhoMo7rgK_gIJgh83XZM0aZrLcdVRWT9ARdibkObDyW6n7ea0rOOvN3XKCoIX4QTy5DkneRF6SMkJJYS9-DHACa2VuIVWlChVUFpVt9GK1LUoKlaSI3QP4IKQfEbru-iIylylJCt0tR7MuN1j0zns_JA8QOw7HDu8bn9tfdz59Aywi-ANeGxSXgC9jWb0Dl_HcYvD1Nkx3zFtFoRo4_hHNsDebvsx9UO0ePbaFIeZu4_uBNOCf7DUY_Ttzeuvp2-Ls0-bd6frs8JyLvLYhBFPnXc2CCdp5ZrGUuEUZ9xZ2tR5_qaRRjSSmxCUaihleV_WZWCEC1Ueo6cH75D6q8nDqHcRrG9b0_l-As0o5ZzLMoOP_wEv-inl92SGESGUKGfb8wNkUw-QfNBDijuT9poSPWegcwZ6ziCjjxbf1Oy8-wsun56BJwtgwJo2JNPZCDccI4zVRM6i4sBdx9bv_9tQbz5_WRovfITR_7zhTbrUlSyl0N8_brR69UG8J-cv9Xn5G8k4rYk</recordid><startdate>200804</startdate><enddate>200804</enddate><creator>Benoit, M.</creator><creator>Andrieu, S.</creator><creator>Lechowski, L.</creator><creator>Gillette-Guyonnet, S.</creator><creator>Robert, P. H.</creator><creator>Vellas, B.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200804</creationdate><title>Apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease are associated with functional deficit and psychotropic prescription</title><author>Benoit, M. ; Andrieu, S. ; Lechowski, L. ; Gillette-Guyonnet, S. ; Robert, P. H. ; Vellas, B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4455-6020e1dedcf5d716dbbc15d9424dc1b8187bb7a5b74aff99b112b74383f204593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - psychology</topic><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>antidepressant</topic><topic>Antidepressants</topic><topic>Antidepressive Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>Apathy</topic><topic>behavioral disturbances</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition Disorders - etiology</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - etiology</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>functional status</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Geriatric psychiatry</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lethargy - etiology</topic><topic>Lethargy - psychology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychoanalysis</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychotropic drugs</topic><topic>Psychotropic Drugs - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Psychotropic Drugs - adverse effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Benoit, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrieu, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lechowski, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gillette-Guyonnet, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robert, P. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vellas, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>REAL-FR group</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><jtitle>International journal of geriatric psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Benoit, M.</au><au>Andrieu, S.</au><au>Lechowski, L.</au><au>Gillette-Guyonnet, S.</au><au>Robert, P. H.</au><au>Vellas, B.</au><aucorp>REAL-FR group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease are associated with functional deficit and psychotropic prescription</atitle><jtitle>International journal of geriatric psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2008-04</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>409</spage><epage>414</epage><pages>409-414</pages><issn>0885-6230</issn><eissn>1099-1166</eissn><coden>IJGPES</coden><abstract>Background
Apathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical and functional specific correlates of these syndromes are not well known independently from cognitive deficits and other behavioral disturbances.
Material and methods
Six hundred and eighty‐six patients diagnosed with possible or probable AD were included in a prospective multicenter study (REAL‐FR). They had an assessment of their cognitive and functional status. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and caregiver's burden was measured with Zarit's Burden Scale.
Results
A majority of patients at any stage of the disease presented with one or several behavioral and psychological disturbances. Apathy concerned 43% of patients and, with or without depression, was associated with more pronounced deficits in global cognition, everyday life and instrumental abilities, nutritional status and with a higher burden level. A high level of psychotropic prescription, especially with antidepressant, was observed in patients with apathy. In a multivariate analysis taking into account the cognitive and functional variables of AD, apathy and depression were the only significant predictors of psychotropic prescription.
Conclusion
Some negative neuropsychiatric symptoms such as apathy and depression have a specific relation with functional and therapeutic outcomes of AD, independently from cognitive status. Further studies are needed to establish if apathy represents a particularly severe phenotype of AD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>17918770</pmid><doi>10.1002/gps.1895</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult and adolescent clinical studies Aged Aged, 80 and over Alzheimer Disease - psychology Alzheimer's disease antidepressant Antidepressants Antidepressive Agents - administration & dosage Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects Apathy behavioral disturbances Biological and medical sciences Cognition Disorders - etiology Depression Depressive Disorder - etiology Drug Administration Schedule Female functional status Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geriatric psychiatry Geriatrics Humans Lethargy - etiology Lethargy - psychology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mood disorders Multivariate analysis Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Psychiatry Psychoanalysis Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychotropic drugs Psychotropic Drugs - administration & dosage Psychotropic Drugs - adverse effects |
| title | Apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease are associated with functional deficit and psychotropic prescription |
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