An experimental design for the optimization of the extraction methods of metallic mobile fractions from environmental solid samples
The evaluation of the cadmium and lead mobile forms from environmental solid samples provides information about their mobility and bioavailability. In the present study, the Cd and Pb mobile fractions were obtained by two modified extraction methods applied to industrial and acidic pH soils or to po...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2018-10, Vol.190 (10), p.609-12, Article 609 |
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| creator | Vasile, Gabriela Geanina Popa, Dana Elena Buleandră, Mihaela David, Iulia Gabriela |
| description | The evaluation of the cadmium and lead mobile forms from environmental solid samples provides information about their mobility and bioavailability. In the present study, the Cd and Pb mobile fractions were obtained by two modified extraction methods applied to industrial and acidic pH soils or to polluted sediments. In order to highlight that the extraction procedure does not significantly influence the quantitative atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium and lead, the robustness of the extraction methods was evaluated and proven applying a Youden and Steiner factorial design. Within this experimental design, the shaking rate, the shaking time, and the solid/liquid extraction ratio were modified. The measurement uncertainty of the whole analytical procedure was assessed, the contribution of the factors involved in the extraction process being insignificant compared to the other uncertainty sources. The importance of the study is related to the fact that it proves the applicability in the routine laboratory practice of the modified extraction methods by increasing the extraction ratio following thorough optimization and robustness studies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-018-6983-x |
| format | Article |
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In the present study, the Cd and Pb mobile fractions were obtained by two modified extraction methods applied to industrial and acidic pH soils or to polluted sediments. In order to highlight that the extraction procedure does not significantly influence the quantitative atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium and lead, the robustness of the extraction methods was evaluated and proven applying a Youden and Steiner factorial design. Within this experimental design, the shaking rate, the shaking time, and the solid/liquid extraction ratio were modified. The measurement uncertainty of the whole analytical procedure was assessed, the contribution of the factors involved in the extraction process being insignificant compared to the other uncertainty sources. The importance of the study is related to the fact that it proves the applicability in the routine laboratory practice of the modified extraction methods by increasing the extraction ratio following thorough optimization and robustness studies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6983-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30259188</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Analytical methods ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Atomic absorption analysis ; Bioavailability ; Cadmium ; Design of experiments ; Design optimization ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental science ; Evaluation ; Experimental design ; Factorial design ; Groundwater ; Laboratories ; Lead ; Metals ; Methods ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; Morphology ; Optimization ; Robustness ; Sediment pollution ; Sediments ; Shaking ; Soil ; Soil contamination ; Soil pH ; Soil pollution ; Solvent extraction ; Spectral analysis ; Spectrometry ; Uncertainty</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2018-10, Vol.190 (10), p.609-12, Article 609</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018</rights><rights>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment is a copyright of Springer, (2018). 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| subjects | Analytical methods Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atomic absorption analysis Bioavailability Cadmium Design of experiments Design optimization Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Environmental monitoring Environmental science Evaluation Experimental design Factorial design Groundwater Laboratories Lead Metals Methods Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Morphology Optimization Robustness Sediment pollution Sediments Shaking Soil Soil contamination Soil pH Soil pollution Solvent extraction Spectral analysis Spectrometry Uncertainty |
| title | An experimental design for the optimization of the extraction methods of metallic mobile fractions from environmental solid samples |
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