Lethal, Sublethal, and Behavioral Effects of Sulfur-Containing Products in Bioassays of Three Species of Orchard Mites
The effects of three sulfur products (calcium polysulfide [ = lime sulfur], dry flowable sulfur, and ammonium thiosulfate, a plant nutrient), were tested in bioassays against a predatory mite, Galandromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), and two species of tetranychid (pest) mites, twospotted spider mite (Te...
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description | The effects of three sulfur products (calcium polysulfide [ = lime sulfur], dry flowable sulfur, and ammonium thiosulfate, a plant nutrient), were tested in bioassays against a predatory mite, Galandromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), and two species of tetranychid (pest) mites, twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)]. Calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate were acutely toxic on contact to adult females of all three mite species, causing 58–100% mortality in 48 h. Dry flowable sulfur, in contrast, was nontoxic to adults of all three species. Fresh residues of the sulfur products were essentially nontoxic to females of G. occidentalis and T. urticae. Galandromus occidentalis consumed 8.2 and 4.0× fewer prey contaminated with residues of calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate; dry flowable sulfur had no effect on prey consumption. Higher posttreatment temperatures (32 versus 18°C) did not affect the toxicity of dry flowable sulfur to G. occidentalis and T. urticae. The toxic effect of the sulfur products was not related to the concentration of elemental S but rather to some intrinsic characteristic of the compound itself. There were substantial differences in the responses of different stages of G. occidentalis. Residues that were nontoxic to adult females were highly toxic to hatching larvae, including those of dry flowable sulfur. In addition, all three products were highly repellent to adult female G. occidentalis. The lethal effect of calcium polysulfide on larvae was still present when the laboratory-aged residues onbean leaves were 8–9 d old. Field-aged residues on apple (Malus spp.) leaves were highly toxic (89% mortality) after 7 d, but mortality declined to 50 and 17% after 14 and 22 d, respectively. The increasing use of sulfur-containing products is detrimental to predatory mites and may play a role in the diminishing effectiveness of integrated mite control in Washington apple orchards. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1603/029.102.0143 |
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Calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate were acutely toxic on contact to adult females of all three mite species, causing 58–100% mortality in 48 h. Dry flowable sulfur, in contrast, was nontoxic to adults of all three species. Fresh residues of the sulfur products were essentially nontoxic to females of G. occidentalis and T. urticae. Galandromus occidentalis consumed 8.2 and 4.0× fewer prey contaminated with residues of calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate; dry flowable sulfur had no effect on prey consumption. Higher posttreatment temperatures (32 versus 18°C) did not affect the toxicity of dry flowable sulfur to G. occidentalis and T. urticae. The toxic effect of the sulfur products was not related to the concentration of elemental S but rather to some intrinsic characteristic of the compound itself. There were substantial differences in the responses of different stages of G. occidentalis. Residues that were nontoxic to adult females were highly toxic to hatching larvae, including those of dry flowable sulfur. In addition, all three products were highly repellent to adult female G. occidentalis. The lethal effect of calcium polysulfide on larvae was still present when the laboratory-aged residues onbean leaves were 8–9 d old. Field-aged residues on apple (Malus spp.) leaves were highly toxic (89% mortality) after 7 d, but mortality declined to 50 and 17% after 14 and 22 d, respectively. The increasing use of sulfur-containing products is detrimental to predatory mites and may play a role in the diminishing effectiveness of integrated mite control in Washington apple orchards.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1603/029.102.0143</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19253652</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEENAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>acute toxicity ; ammonium thiosulfate ; Animals ; Arachnida ; Araneae ; Biological and medical sciences ; Calcium Compounds - pharmacology ; calcium polysulfide ; chemical residues ; Control ; developmental stages ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Galandromus occidentalis ; Generalities ; HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY ; Insecticides - pharmacology ; Invertebrates ; Larva - drug effects ; lime sulfur ; lime sullfur ; Malus ; Malus - parasitology ; Mites - drug effects ; mortality ; Panonychus ulmi ; Pest Control ; Pesticide Residues - pharmacology ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; phytophagous mites ; predation ; Predatory Behavior - drug effects ; predatory mites ; Protozoa. Invertebrates ; sublethal effects ; Sulfides - pharmacology ; sulfur ; Sulfur - pharmacology ; Temperature ; Tetranychus urticae ; Thiosulfates - pharmacology ; Toxicity Tests</subject><ispartof>Journal of economic entomology, 2009-02, Vol.102 (1), p.324-335</ispartof><rights>2009 Entomological Society of America</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b447t-3af7c542eb1545493b6cece6aceae30dcf0a4d6d67e67015ed11bb340c5708283</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1603/029.102.0143$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbioone$$H</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,26978,27924,27925,52363</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21104122$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19253652$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Beers, Elizabeth H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Rocha, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Talley, Randy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunley, John E</creatorcontrib><title>Lethal, Sublethal, and Behavioral Effects of Sulfur-Containing Products in Bioassays of Three Species of Orchard Mites</title><title>Journal of economic entomology</title><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><description>The effects of three sulfur products (calcium polysulfide [ = lime sulfur], dry flowable sulfur, and ammonium thiosulfate, a plant nutrient), were tested in bioassays against a predatory mite, Galandromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), and two species of tetranychid (pest) mites, twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)]. Calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate were acutely toxic on contact to adult females of all three mite species, causing 58–100% mortality in 48 h. Dry flowable sulfur, in contrast, was nontoxic to adults of all three species. Fresh residues of the sulfur products were essentially nontoxic to females of G. occidentalis and T. urticae. Galandromus occidentalis consumed 8.2 and 4.0× fewer prey contaminated with residues of calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate; dry flowable sulfur had no effect on prey consumption. Higher posttreatment temperatures (32 versus 18°C) did not affect the toxicity of dry flowable sulfur to G. occidentalis and T. urticae. The toxic effect of the sulfur products was not related to the concentration of elemental S but rather to some intrinsic characteristic of the compound itself. There were substantial differences in the responses of different stages of G. occidentalis. Residues that were nontoxic to adult females were highly toxic to hatching larvae, including those of dry flowable sulfur. In addition, all three products were highly repellent to adult female G. occidentalis. The lethal effect of calcium polysulfide on larvae was still present when the laboratory-aged residues onbean leaves were 8–9 d old. Field-aged residues on apple (Malus spp.) leaves were highly toxic (89% mortality) after 7 d, but mortality declined to 50 and 17% after 14 and 22 d, respectively. The increasing use of sulfur-containing products is detrimental to predatory mites and may play a role in the diminishing effectiveness of integrated mite control in Washington apple orchards.</description><subject>acute toxicity</subject><subject>ammonium thiosulfate</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arachnida</subject><subject>Araneae</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Calcium Compounds - pharmacology</subject><subject>calcium polysulfide</subject><subject>chemical residues</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>developmental stages</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Galandromus occidentalis</subject><subject>Generalities</subject><subject>HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY</subject><subject>Insecticides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Larva - drug effects</subject><subject>lime sulfur</subject><subject>lime sullfur</subject><subject>Malus</subject><subject>Malus - parasitology</subject><subject>Mites - drug effects</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>Panonychus ulmi</subject><subject>Pest Control</subject><subject>Pesticide Residues - pharmacology</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>phytophagous mites</subject><subject>predation</subject><subject>Predatory Behavior - drug effects</subject><subject>predatory mites</subject><subject>Protozoa. Invertebrates</subject><subject>sublethal effects</subject><subject>Sulfides - pharmacology</subject><subject>sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur - pharmacology</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Tetranychus urticae</subject><subject>Thiosulfates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><issn>0022-0493</issn><issn>1938-291X</issn><issn>0022-0493</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1v1DAQBmALgehSuHGGXOCAmmXGdpLdI12VD2lRkbaVuEUTZ9w1ysaLnVTqv8fpRnDj5JH9aDx-LcRrhCWWoD6CXC8R5BJQqydigWu1yuUafz4VCwApc9BrdSZexPgLAEuJ8Fyc4VoWqizkQtxvedhTd5HtxqabS-rb7JL3dO98oC67spbNEDNvE-rsGPKN7wdyvevvsh_Bt-N06vrs0nmKkR4e6c0-MGe7IxvHjxvXwewptNl3N3B8KZ5Z6iK_mtdzcfv56mbzNd9ef_m2-bTNG62rIVdkK1NoyQ0WukgPaUrDhksyTKygNRZIt2VbVlxWgAW3iE2jNJiigpVcqXPx_tT3GPzvkeNQH1w03HXUsx9jLRGVxBUmeHGCJvgYA9v6GNyBwkONUE851ynnVMt6yjnxN3PfsTlw-w_PwSbwbgYUDXU2UG9c_OvSvaBRTu7tyVnyNd2FZG53ElBNf1Wh1El8OInGed_z_-f6A5PkmvM</recordid><startdate>20090201</startdate><enddate>20090201</enddate><creator>Beers, Elizabeth H</creator><creator>Martinez-Rocha, Luis</creator><creator>Talley, Randy R</creator><creator>Dunley, John E</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090201</creationdate><title>Lethal, Sublethal, and Behavioral Effects of Sulfur-Containing Products in Bioassays of Three Species of Orchard Mites</title><author>Beers, Elizabeth H ; Martinez-Rocha, Luis ; Talley, Randy R ; Dunley, John E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b447t-3af7c542eb1545493b6cece6aceae30dcf0a4d6d67e67015ed11bb340c5708283</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>acute toxicity</topic><topic>ammonium thiosulfate</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arachnida</topic><topic>Araneae</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Calcium Compounds - pharmacology</topic><topic>calcium polysulfide</topic><topic>chemical residues</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>developmental stages</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Galandromus occidentalis</topic><topic>Generalities</topic><topic>HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY</topic><topic>Insecticides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Larva - drug effects</topic><topic>lime sulfur</topic><topic>lime sullfur</topic><topic>Malus</topic><topic>Malus - parasitology</topic><topic>Mites - drug effects</topic><topic>mortality</topic><topic>Panonychus ulmi</topic><topic>Pest Control</topic><topic>Pesticide Residues - pharmacology</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>phytophagous mites</topic><topic>predation</topic><topic>Predatory Behavior - drug effects</topic><topic>predatory mites</topic><topic>Protozoa. Invertebrates</topic><topic>sublethal effects</topic><topic>Sulfides - pharmacology</topic><topic>sulfur</topic><topic>Sulfur - pharmacology</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Tetranychus urticae</topic><topic>Thiosulfates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Toxicity Tests</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Beers, Elizabeth H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Rocha, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Talley, Randy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunley, John E</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Beers, Elizabeth H</au><au>Martinez-Rocha, Luis</au><au>Talley, Randy R</au><au>Dunley, John E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lethal, Sublethal, and Behavioral Effects of Sulfur-Containing Products in Bioassays of Three Species of Orchard Mites</atitle><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><date>2009-02-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>102</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>324</spage><epage>335</epage><pages>324-335</pages><issn>0022-0493</issn><eissn>1938-291X</eissn><eissn>0022-0493</eissn><coden>JEENAI</coden><abstract>The effects of three sulfur products (calcium polysulfide [ = lime sulfur], dry flowable sulfur, and ammonium thiosulfate, a plant nutrient), were tested in bioassays against a predatory mite, Galandromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), and two species of tetranychid (pest) mites, twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)]. Calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate were acutely toxic on contact to adult females of all three mite species, causing 58–100% mortality in 48 h. Dry flowable sulfur, in contrast, was nontoxic to adults of all three species. Fresh residues of the sulfur products were essentially nontoxic to females of G. occidentalis and T. urticae. Galandromus occidentalis consumed 8.2 and 4.0× fewer prey contaminated with residues of calcium polysulfide and ammonium thiosulfate; dry flowable sulfur had no effect on prey consumption. Higher posttreatment temperatures (32 versus 18°C) did not affect the toxicity of dry flowable sulfur to G. occidentalis and T. urticae. The toxic effect of the sulfur products was not related to the concentration of elemental S but rather to some intrinsic characteristic of the compound itself. There were substantial differences in the responses of different stages of G. occidentalis. Residues that were nontoxic to adult females were highly toxic to hatching larvae, including those of dry flowable sulfur. In addition, all three products were highly repellent to adult female G. occidentalis. The lethal effect of calcium polysulfide on larvae was still present when the laboratory-aged residues onbean leaves were 8–9 d old. Field-aged residues on apple (Malus spp.) leaves were highly toxic (89% mortality) after 7 d, but mortality declined to 50 and 17% after 14 and 22 d, respectively. The increasing use of sulfur-containing products is detrimental to predatory mites and may play a role in the diminishing effectiveness of integrated mite control in Washington apple orchards.</abstract><cop>Lanham, MD</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>19253652</pmid><doi>10.1603/029.102.0143</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | acute toxicity ammonium thiosulfate Animals Arachnida Araneae Biological and medical sciences Calcium Compounds - pharmacology calcium polysulfide chemical residues Control developmental stages Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Galandromus occidentalis Generalities HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Insecticides - pharmacology Invertebrates Larva - drug effects lime sulfur lime sullfur Malus Malus - parasitology Mites - drug effects mortality Panonychus ulmi Pest Control Pesticide Residues - pharmacology Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection phytophagous mites predation Predatory Behavior - drug effects predatory mites Protozoa. Invertebrates sublethal effects Sulfides - pharmacology sulfur Sulfur - pharmacology Temperature Tetranychus urticae Thiosulfates - pharmacology Toxicity Tests |
title | Lethal, Sublethal, and Behavioral Effects of Sulfur-Containing Products in Bioassays of Three Species of Orchard Mites |
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