Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food
Studies addressing breastfeeding and obesity rarely document the method of breast milk feeding, type of supplementation, or feeding in hospital. We investigated these practices in the CHILD birth cohort. Feeding was reported by mothers and documented from hospital records. Weight and BMI scores (BMI...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pediatrics (Evanston) 2018-10, Vol.142 (4), p.e20181092 |
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| creator | Azad, Meghan B Vehling, Lorena Chan, Deborah Klopp, Annika Nickel, Nathan C McGavock, Jonathan M Becker, Allan B Mandhane, Piushkumar J Turvey, Stuart E Moraes, Theo J Taylor, Mark S Lefebvre, Diana L Sears, Malcolm R Subbarao, Padmaja |
| description | Studies addressing breastfeeding and obesity rarely document the method of breast milk feeding, type of supplementation, or feeding in hospital. We investigated these practices in the CHILD birth cohort.
Feeding was reported by mothers and documented from hospital records. Weight and BMI
scores (BMIzs) were measured at 12 months. Analyses controlled for maternal BMI and other confounders.
Among 2553 mother-infant dyads, 97% initiated breastfeeding, and the median breastfeeding duration was 11.0 months. Most infants (74%) received solids before 6 months. Among "exclusively breastfed" infants, 55% received some expressed breast milk, and 27% briefly received formula in hospital. Compared with exclusive direct breastfeeding at 3 months, all other feeding styles were associated with higher BMIzs: adjusted β: +.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .01 to .23) for some expressed milk, +.28 (95% CI: .16 to .39) for partial breastfeeding, and +.45 (95% CI: .30 to .59) for exclusive formula feeding. Brief formula supplementation in hospital did not alter these associations so long as exclusive breastfeeding was established and sustained for at least 3 months. Formula supplementation by 6 months was associated with higher BMIzs (adjusted β: +.25; 95% CI: .13 to .38), whereas supplementation with solid foods was not. Results were similar for weight gain velocity.
Breastfeeding is inversely associated with weight gain velocity and BMI. These associations are dose dependent, partially diminished when breast milk is fed from a bottle, and substantially weakened by formula supplementation after the neonatal period. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1542/peds.2018-1092 |
| format | Article |
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Feeding was reported by mothers and documented from hospital records. Weight and BMI
scores (BMIzs) were measured at 12 months. Analyses controlled for maternal BMI and other confounders.
Among 2553 mother-infant dyads, 97% initiated breastfeeding, and the median breastfeeding duration was 11.0 months. Most infants (74%) received solids before 6 months. Among "exclusively breastfed" infants, 55% received some expressed breast milk, and 27% briefly received formula in hospital. Compared with exclusive direct breastfeeding at 3 months, all other feeding styles were associated with higher BMIzs: adjusted β: +.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .01 to .23) for some expressed milk, +.28 (95% CI: .16 to .39) for partial breastfeeding, and +.45 (95% CI: .30 to .59) for exclusive formula feeding. Brief formula supplementation in hospital did not alter these associations so long as exclusive breastfeeding was established and sustained for at least 3 months. Formula supplementation by 6 months was associated with higher BMIzs (adjusted β: +.25; 95% CI: .13 to .38), whereas supplementation with solid foods was not. Results were similar for weight gain velocity.
Breastfeeding is inversely associated with weight gain velocity and BMI. These associations are dose dependent, partially diminished when breast milk is fed from a bottle, and substantially weakened by formula supplementation after the neonatal period.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-4005</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-4275</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1092</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30249624</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Academy of Pediatrics</publisher><subject>Adult ; Baby foods ; Body mass ; Body weight gain ; Breast feeding ; Breast Feeding - methods ; Breast Feeding - trends ; Breast milk ; Breastfeeding & lactation ; Cohort Studies ; Dietary supplements ; Feeding ; Female ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food - adverse effects ; Infant Formula - adverse effects ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Neonatal care ; Neonates ; Nutritional aspects ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis ; Pediatric Obesity - etiology ; Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies ; Velocity ; Weight gain ; Weight Gain - physiology</subject><ispartof>Pediatrics (Evanston), 2018-10, Vol.142 (4), p.e20181092</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2018 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.</rights><rights>Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics Oct 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-f6366ac1dfaea3d1f1d5a0b148ea995d93f7e6ffa46c398819f5844b2f103aab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-f6366ac1dfaea3d1f1d5a0b148ea995d93f7e6ffa46c398819f5844b2f103aab3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30249624$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Azad, Meghan B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vehling, Lorena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Deborah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klopp, Annika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nickel, Nathan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGavock, Jonathan M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Becker, Allan B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandhane, Piushkumar J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turvey, Stuart E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moraes, Theo J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Mark S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lefebvre, Diana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sears, Malcolm R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subbarao, Padmaja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CHILD Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the CHILD Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food</title><title>Pediatrics (Evanston)</title><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><description>Studies addressing breastfeeding and obesity rarely document the method of breast milk feeding, type of supplementation, or feeding in hospital. We investigated these practices in the CHILD birth cohort.
Feeding was reported by mothers and documented from hospital records. Weight and BMI
scores (BMIzs) were measured at 12 months. Analyses controlled for maternal BMI and other confounders.
Among 2553 mother-infant dyads, 97% initiated breastfeeding, and the median breastfeeding duration was 11.0 months. Most infants (74%) received solids before 6 months. Among "exclusively breastfed" infants, 55% received some expressed breast milk, and 27% briefly received formula in hospital. Compared with exclusive direct breastfeeding at 3 months, all other feeding styles were associated with higher BMIzs: adjusted β: +.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .01 to .23) for some expressed milk, +.28 (95% CI: .16 to .39) for partial breastfeeding, and +.45 (95% CI: .30 to .59) for exclusive formula feeding. Brief formula supplementation in hospital did not alter these associations so long as exclusive breastfeeding was established and sustained for at least 3 months. Formula supplementation by 6 months was associated with higher BMIzs (adjusted β: +.25; 95% CI: .13 to .38), whereas supplementation with solid foods was not. Results were similar for weight gain velocity.
Breastfeeding is inversely associated with weight gain velocity and BMI. These associations are dose dependent, partially diminished when breast milk is fed from a bottle, and substantially weakened by formula supplementation after the neonatal period.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Baby foods</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body weight gain</subject><subject>Breast feeding</subject><subject>Breast Feeding - methods</subject><subject>Breast Feeding - trends</subject><subject>Breast milk</subject><subject>Breastfeeding & lactation</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Feeding</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Food - adverse effects</subject><subject>Infant Formula - adverse effects</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk, Human</subject><subject>Neonatal care</subject><subject>Neonates</subject><subject>Nutritional aspects</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pediatric Obesity - etiology</subject><subject>Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Weight gain</subject><subject>Weight Gain - physiology</subject><issn>0031-4005</issn><issn>1098-4275</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhyhFF4sIli8cfScytXZFSqagHQByt2Xi8pCT2YicS_HsS7YIQp5E8z7x65Yexl8C3oJV4eySXt4JDUwI34hHbLKMplaj1Y7bhXEKpONcX7FnOD5xzpWvxlF1ILpSphNowexs8hqloiVwfDgUGV3yl_vBtKm6wD--KT3TEhNO6u06EeSo-9sP3ok1xPD_4f07bmMZ5wNO6jdE9Z088DplenOcl-9K-_7z7UN7d39zuru7KTnGYSl_JqsIOnEdC6cCD08j3oBpCY7Qz0tdUeY-q6qRpGjBeN0rthQcuEffykr055R5T_DFTnuzY546GAQPFOVsBIMBAXesFff0f-hDnFJZ2C7X8TG0kbxaqPFEHHMj2oYthop9TF4eBDmSX8rt7e6WrNbYSa-r2xHcp5pzI22PqR0y_LHC7qrKrKruqsquq5eDVuca8H8n9xf-4kb8BtYaNSg</recordid><startdate>201810</startdate><enddate>201810</enddate><creator>Azad, Meghan B</creator><creator>Vehling, Lorena</creator><creator>Chan, Deborah</creator><creator>Klopp, Annika</creator><creator>Nickel, Nathan C</creator><creator>McGavock, Jonathan M</creator><creator>Becker, Allan B</creator><creator>Mandhane, Piushkumar J</creator><creator>Turvey, Stuart E</creator><creator>Moraes, Theo J</creator><creator>Taylor, Mark S</creator><creator>Lefebvre, Diana L</creator><creator>Sears, Malcolm R</creator><creator>Subbarao, Padmaja</creator><general>American Academy of Pediatrics</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201810</creationdate><title>Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food</title><author>Azad, Meghan B ; Vehling, Lorena ; Chan, Deborah ; Klopp, Annika ; Nickel, Nathan C ; McGavock, Jonathan M ; Becker, Allan B ; Mandhane, Piushkumar J ; Turvey, Stuart E ; Moraes, Theo J ; Taylor, Mark S ; Lefebvre, Diana L ; Sears, Malcolm R ; Subbarao, Padmaja</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-f6366ac1dfaea3d1f1d5a0b148ea995d93f7e6ffa46c398819f5844b2f103aab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Baby foods</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body weight gain</topic><topic>Breast feeding</topic><topic>Breast Feeding - methods</topic><topic>Breast Feeding - trends</topic><topic>Breast milk</topic><topic>Breastfeeding & lactation</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Feeding</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant Food - adverse effects</topic><topic>Infant Formula - adverse effects</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk, Human</topic><topic>Neonatal care</topic><topic>Neonates</topic><topic>Nutritional aspects</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pediatric Obesity - etiology</topic><topic>Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Weight gain</topic><topic>Weight Gain - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Azad, Meghan B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vehling, Lorena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Deborah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klopp, Annika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nickel, Nathan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGavock, Jonathan M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Becker, Allan B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandhane, Piushkumar J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turvey, Stuart E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moraes, Theo J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Mark S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lefebvre, Diana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sears, Malcolm R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subbarao, Padmaja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CHILD Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the CHILD Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Azad, Meghan B</au><au>Vehling, Lorena</au><au>Chan, Deborah</au><au>Klopp, Annika</au><au>Nickel, Nathan C</au><au>McGavock, Jonathan M</au><au>Becker, Allan B</au><au>Mandhane, Piushkumar J</au><au>Turvey, Stuart E</au><au>Moraes, Theo J</au><au>Taylor, Mark S</au><au>Lefebvre, Diana L</au><au>Sears, Malcolm R</au><au>Subbarao, Padmaja</au><aucorp>CHILD Study Investigators</aucorp><aucorp>on behalf of the CHILD Study Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food</atitle><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><date>2018-10</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>142</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e20181092</spage><pages>e20181092-</pages><issn>0031-4005</issn><eissn>1098-4275</eissn><abstract>Studies addressing breastfeeding and obesity rarely document the method of breast milk feeding, type of supplementation, or feeding in hospital. We investigated these practices in the CHILD birth cohort.
Feeding was reported by mothers and documented from hospital records. Weight and BMI
scores (BMIzs) were measured at 12 months. Analyses controlled for maternal BMI and other confounders.
Among 2553 mother-infant dyads, 97% initiated breastfeeding, and the median breastfeeding duration was 11.0 months. Most infants (74%) received solids before 6 months. Among "exclusively breastfed" infants, 55% received some expressed breast milk, and 27% briefly received formula in hospital. Compared with exclusive direct breastfeeding at 3 months, all other feeding styles were associated with higher BMIzs: adjusted β: +.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .01 to .23) for some expressed milk, +.28 (95% CI: .16 to .39) for partial breastfeeding, and +.45 (95% CI: .30 to .59) for exclusive formula feeding. Brief formula supplementation in hospital did not alter these associations so long as exclusive breastfeeding was established and sustained for at least 3 months. Formula supplementation by 6 months was associated with higher BMIzs (adjusted β: +.25; 95% CI: .13 to .38), whereas supplementation with solid foods was not. Results were similar for weight gain velocity.
Breastfeeding is inversely associated with weight gain velocity and BMI. These associations are dose dependent, partially diminished when breast milk is fed from a bottle, and substantially weakened by formula supplementation after the neonatal period.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Academy of Pediatrics</pub><pmid>30249624</pmid><doi>10.1542/peds.2018-1092</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Baby foods Body mass Body weight gain Breast feeding Breast Feeding - methods Breast Feeding - trends Breast milk Breastfeeding & lactation Cohort Studies Dietary supplements Feeding Female Health aspects Humans Infant Infant Food - adverse effects Infant Formula - adverse effects Infant, Newborn Infants Longitudinal Studies Male Milk Milk, Human Neonatal care Neonates Nutritional aspects Obesity Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis Pediatric Obesity - etiology Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control Pediatrics Prospective Studies Velocity Weight gain Weight Gain - physiology |
| title | Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food |
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