Effects of sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women in rural Thailand: A randomized controlled trial
•Serum 25(OH)D had decreased in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group.•25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group.•Serum PTH had decreased in both groups....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Complementary therapies in medicine 2018-10, Vol.40, p.243-247 |
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| creator | Watcharanon, Waranya Kaewrudee, Srinaree Soontrapa, Sukree Somboonporn, Woraluk Srisaenpang, Prasopsuk Panpanit, Ladawan Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert |
| description | •Serum 25(OH)D had decreased in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group.•25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group.•Serum PTH had decreased in both groups.
Despite the abundant sunlight in Thailand, vitamin D deficiency is common in premenopausal and postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure is a natural way to increase one’s intake of vitamin D. However, limited research has been conducted regarding natural exposure to sunlight as a strategy to improve vitamin D status in postmenopausal women.
This study aimed to determine the effects of sunlight exposure compared with oral supplementation with vitamin D2 (weekly 20,000 IU) in combination with sunlight exposure on 25(OH)D levels.
A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in 52 postmenopausal women, age 50–70 years. The participants were randomized to either the sunlight exposure group or the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group. Serum 25(OH)D concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured using standard assays at baseline and 12 weeks.
After 12 weeks, mean serum 25(OH)D had decreased from 32.3 to 29.7 ng/ml in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group (from 29.9 to 32.4 ng/ml). At the end of the study, 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group. However, this difference was not observed in women aged >60 years. Serum PTH had decreased in both groups, but not to a significant extent.
A combination of weekly vitamin D2 supplementation at a dose of 20,000 IU with sunlight exposure is more effective than sunlight exposure alone in postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure alone is not sufficient to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in this setting. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.06.004 |
| format | Article |
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Despite the abundant sunlight in Thailand, vitamin D deficiency is common in premenopausal and postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure is a natural way to increase one’s intake of vitamin D. However, limited research has been conducted regarding natural exposure to sunlight as a strategy to improve vitamin D status in postmenopausal women.
This study aimed to determine the effects of sunlight exposure compared with oral supplementation with vitamin D2 (weekly 20,000 IU) in combination with sunlight exposure on 25(OH)D levels.
A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in 52 postmenopausal women, age 50–70 years. The participants were randomized to either the sunlight exposure group or the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group. Serum 25(OH)D concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured using standard assays at baseline and 12 weeks.
After 12 weeks, mean serum 25(OH)D had decreased from 32.3 to 29.7 ng/ml in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group (from 29.9 to 32.4 ng/ml). At the end of the study, 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group. However, this difference was not observed in women aged >60 years. Serum PTH had decreased in both groups, but not to a significant extent.
A combination of weekly vitamin D2 supplementation at a dose of 20,000 IU with sunlight exposure is more effective than sunlight exposure alone in postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure alone is not sufficient to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in this setting.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2299</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6963</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.06.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30219459</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Scotland: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>25-Hydroxyvitamin D ; Age ; Aged ; Cardiovascular disease ; Clinical trials ; Control methods ; Diabetes ; Dietary Supplements ; Evidence-based medicine ; Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intervention ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; Parathyroid ; Parathyroid hormone ; Post-menopause ; Postmenopausal women ; Postmenopause - physiology ; Randomization ; Rural areas ; Rural Population ; Sunlight ; Thailand ; Variables ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - administration & dosage ; Vitamin D - blood ; Vitamin D - therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency - therapy ; Vitamin D2 ; Vitamin deficiency ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Complementary therapies in medicine, 2018-10, Vol.40, p.243-247</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Oct 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-c28346af7bce9fbf7d7f4b4b5ebeaa24680674e6e404f59ae70b93095ee98aad3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-c28346af7bce9fbf7d7f4b4b5ebeaa24680674e6e404f59ae70b93095ee98aad3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6566-2481 ; 0000-0002-9438-0555</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2102827288?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,64361,64363,64365,65309,72215</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30219459$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Watcharanon, Waranya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaewrudee, Srinaree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soontrapa, Sukree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Somboonporn, Woraluk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srisaenpang, Prasopsuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panpanit, Ladawan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women in rural Thailand: A randomized controlled trial</title><title>Complementary therapies in medicine</title><addtitle>Complement Ther Med</addtitle><description>•Serum 25(OH)D had decreased in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group.•25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group.•Serum PTH had decreased in both groups.
Despite the abundant sunlight in Thailand, vitamin D deficiency is common in premenopausal and postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure is a natural way to increase one’s intake of vitamin D. However, limited research has been conducted regarding natural exposure to sunlight as a strategy to improve vitamin D status in postmenopausal women.
This study aimed to determine the effects of sunlight exposure compared with oral supplementation with vitamin D2 (weekly 20,000 IU) in combination with sunlight exposure on 25(OH)D levels.
A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in 52 postmenopausal women, age 50–70 years. The participants were randomized to either the sunlight exposure group or the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group. Serum 25(OH)D concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured using standard assays at baseline and 12 weeks.
After 12 weeks, mean serum 25(OH)D had decreased from 32.3 to 29.7 ng/ml in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group (from 29.9 to 32.4 ng/ml). At the end of the study, 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group. However, this difference was not observed in women aged >60 years. Serum PTH had decreased in both groups, but not to a significant extent.
A combination of weekly vitamin D2 supplementation at a dose of 20,000 IU with sunlight exposure is more effective than sunlight exposure alone in postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure alone is not sufficient to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in this setting.</description><subject>25-Hydroxyvitamin D</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Control methods</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Evidence-based medicine</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Osteoporosis</subject><subject>Parathyroid</subject><subject>Parathyroid hormone</subject><subject>Post-menopause</subject><subject>Postmenopausal women</subject><subject>Postmenopause - physiology</subject><subject>Randomization</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Thailand</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Vitamin D - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - therapy</subject><subject>Vitamin D2</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0965-2299</issn><issn>1873-6963</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctu1TAQhi1ERQ-FF2CBLLHpJqnjOI6N2FRtuUiV2JS15Thj6iMnDrZzuLwIr4ujU0BigWRpZjzf_BrNj9CLhtQNafjFvjbZTTUljagJrwlhj9CuEX1bccnbx2hHJO8qSqU8RU9T2hNCZNu3T9BpS2gjWSd36OeNtWBywsHitM7efb7PGL4tIa0RsJ5HfHBZT27G16W_LB4mmLPOLsy4vL9NDwfwCZe8zOYChUWvSXv8NZRi-49rLOXdvXa-6L7GlziWGCb3A0Zswpxj8L6kOTrtn6ETq32C5w_xDH16e3N39b66_fjuw9XlbWVawXJlqGgZ17YfDEg72H7sLRvY0MEAWlPGBeE9Aw6MMNtJDT0ZZEtkByCF1mN7hs6PuksMX1ZIWU0uGfBlRQhrUrQhgnadFE1BX_2D7sMa57LdRlFBeypEoeiRMjGkFMGqJbpJx--qIWqzTe3VZpvabFOEq2JbGXr5IL0OE4x_Rn77VIA3R6DcGA4OokrGwWxgdLHYp8bg_qf_C-FwrIM</recordid><startdate>201810</startdate><enddate>201810</enddate><creator>Watcharanon, Waranya</creator><creator>Kaewrudee, Srinaree</creator><creator>Soontrapa, Sukree</creator><creator>Somboonporn, Woraluk</creator><creator>Srisaenpang, Prasopsuk</creator><creator>Panpanit, Ladawan</creator><creator>Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6566-2481</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-0555</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201810</creationdate><title>Effects of sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women in rural Thailand: A randomized controlled trial</title><author>Watcharanon, Waranya ; Kaewrudee, Srinaree ; Soontrapa, Sukree ; Somboonporn, Woraluk ; Srisaenpang, Prasopsuk ; Panpanit, Ladawan ; Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-c28346af7bce9fbf7d7f4b4b5ebeaa24680674e6e404f59ae70b93095ee98aad3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>25-Hydroxyvitamin D</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Control methods</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Evidence-based medicine</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Osteoporosis</topic><topic>Parathyroid</topic><topic>Parathyroid hormone</topic><topic>Post-menopause</topic><topic>Postmenopausal women</topic><topic>Postmenopause - physiology</topic><topic>Randomization</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Rural Population</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Thailand</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin D - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Vitamin D - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - therapy</topic><topic>Vitamin D2</topic><topic>Vitamin deficiency</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Watcharanon, Waranya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaewrudee, Srinaree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soontrapa, Sukree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Somboonporn, Woraluk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srisaenpang, Prasopsuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panpanit, Ladawan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Complementary therapies in medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Watcharanon, Waranya</au><au>Kaewrudee, Srinaree</au><au>Soontrapa, Sukree</au><au>Somboonporn, Woraluk</au><au>Srisaenpang, Prasopsuk</au><au>Panpanit, Ladawan</au><au>Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women in rural Thailand: A randomized controlled trial</atitle><jtitle>Complementary therapies in medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Complement Ther Med</addtitle><date>2018-10</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>40</volume><spage>243</spage><epage>247</epage><pages>243-247</pages><issn>0965-2299</issn><eissn>1873-6963</eissn><abstract>•Serum 25(OH)D had decreased in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group.•25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group.•Serum PTH had decreased in both groups.
Despite the abundant sunlight in Thailand, vitamin D deficiency is common in premenopausal and postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure is a natural way to increase one’s intake of vitamin D. However, limited research has been conducted regarding natural exposure to sunlight as a strategy to improve vitamin D status in postmenopausal women.
This study aimed to determine the effects of sunlight exposure compared with oral supplementation with vitamin D2 (weekly 20,000 IU) in combination with sunlight exposure on 25(OH)D levels.
A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in 52 postmenopausal women, age 50–70 years. The participants were randomized to either the sunlight exposure group or the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group. Serum 25(OH)D concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured using standard assays at baseline and 12 weeks.
After 12 weeks, mean serum 25(OH)D had decreased from 32.3 to 29.7 ng/ml in the sunlight exposure group, but significantly increased in the combination group (from 29.9 to 32.4 ng/ml). At the end of the study, 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation group compared with the sunlight exposure group. However, this difference was not observed in women aged >60 years. Serum PTH had decreased in both groups, but not to a significant extent.
A combination of weekly vitamin D2 supplementation at a dose of 20,000 IU with sunlight exposure is more effective than sunlight exposure alone in postmenopausal Thai women. Sunlight exposure alone is not sufficient to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in this setting.</abstract><cop>Scotland</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>30219459</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ctim.2018.06.004</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6566-2481</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-0555</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0965-2299 |
| ispartof | Complementary therapies in medicine, 2018-10, Vol.40, p.243-247 |
| issn | 0965-2299 1873-6963 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2108255981 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals; ProQuest Central UK/Ireland |
| subjects | 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Age Aged Cardiovascular disease Clinical trials Control methods Diabetes Dietary Supplements Evidence-based medicine Exposure Female Humans Hypertension Intervention Middle Aged Osteoporosis Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone Post-menopause Postmenopausal women Postmenopause - physiology Randomization Rural areas Rural Population Sunlight Thailand Variables Vitamin D Vitamin D - administration & dosage Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D - therapeutic use Vitamin D Deficiency - therapy Vitamin D2 Vitamin deficiency Womens health |
| title | Effects of sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women in rural Thailand: A randomized controlled trial |
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