Responses of antioxidant status and Na super(+)-K super(+)-ATPase activity in gill of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, chronically treated with carbamazepine

In recent years, chemical pollution by the residual pharmaceuticals has been increasingly important issue due to its widely present in the aquatic environment. However, the toxicological effects of residual pharmaceuticals on fish have not been adequately researched. The aim of this work is to investigate the toxic effect of CBZ, an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in aquatic environment, on antioxidant status and Na super(+)-K super(+)-ATPase in gill of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal CBZ (1.0kgL super(-) super(1), 0.2mgL super(-) super(1) and 2.0mgL super(-) super(1)) for 7, 21 and 42d. After prolonged exposure of CBZ at higher test concentration (0.2 or 2.0mgL super(-) super(1)), oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher LPO and CP levels in fish gill, as well as the significant inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activities including SOD, CAT, GR and GPx. Besides, reduced glutathione level and Na super(+)-K super(+)-ATPase activity were significantly lower than those of the control after 42d of exposure to CBZ at higher test concentration (0.2 or 2.0mgL super(-) super(1)). The results of this study indicate that chronic exposure of CBZ has altered multiple physiological indices in fish gill; however, before those parameters are used as special biomarkers for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment, more detailed experiments in laboratory need to be performed in the future.