Mathematical arterialisation of peripheral venous blood gas for obtainment of arterial blood gas values: a methodological validation study in the clinical setting

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is an essential tool in the clinical assessment of acutely ill patients. Venous to arterial conversion (v-TAC), a mathematical method, has been developed recently to convert peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) values to arterialized VBG (aVBG) values. The aim of this...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 2019-08, Vol.33 (4), p.733-740
Hauptverfasser: Lumholdt, Mads, Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn, Christensen, Erika Frischknecht, Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 740
container_issue 4
container_start_page 733
container_title Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
container_volume 33
creator Lumholdt, Mads
Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn
Christensen, Erika Frischknecht
Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian
description Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is an essential tool in the clinical assessment of acutely ill patients. Venous to arterial conversion (v-TAC), a mathematical method, has been developed recently to convert peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) values to arterialized VBG (aVBG) values. The aim of this study was to test the validity of aVBG compared to ABG in an emergency department (ED) setting. Twenty ED patients were included in this study. ABG and three aVBG samples were collected from each patient. The aVBG samples were processed in three different ways to investigate appropriate sample handling. All VBG samples were arterialized using the v-TAC method. ABG and aVBG samples were compared using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland–Altman plots and misclassification analysis. Clinical acceptable threshold of aVBG value deviance from ABG values were ± 0.05 pH units, ± 0.88 kPa pCO 2 and ± 0.88 kPa pO 2 . CCC revealed an agreement in pH and pCO 2 parameters for both aVBG in comparison to ABG. In all aVBG samples, an overestimation of pO 2 compared to ABG was observed. Bland–Altman plot revealed clinically acceptable mean difference and limits-of-agreement intervals between ABG and aVBG pH and pCO 2 , but not between ABG and aVBG pO 2 . Arterialization of VBG using v-TAC is a valid method for measuring pH and pCO 2 , but not for pO 2 . Larger clinical studies are required to evaluate the applicability of v-TAC in different patient subpopulations.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10877-018-0197-1
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2101918594</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2100939015</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-93f81fb0f395e1b49fb237b87297ba93eab07f2b3f40d78d16c7e74c50cb60213</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc-O1SAUxonROH_0AdwYEjduqofSXoo7M1HHZIwbXRNo4V4mFK5AJ5nX8Uk9nc6oMXFBIOf8-M4HHyEvGLxhAOJtYTAI0QAbcEnRsEfklPWCN-2OdY_xzAcschAn5KyUawCQA2dPyQlHfNcJOCU_v-h6sLOuftSB6lxt9jr4goUUaXL0iIXjwWbs3tiYlkJNSGmie12oS5kmU7WPs411pR8E_oJudFhseUc1nW09pCmFtL8bhg0_bXNKXaZb6iNFL3QMPt4Bxdbq4_4ZeeJ0KPb5_X5Ovn_88O3isrn6-unzxfurZuSirY3kbmDOgOOyt8x00pmWCzOIVgqjJbfagHCt4a6DSQwT243Cim7sYTQ7aBk_J6833WNOP9ByVbMvow1BR4vvVi3DX2NDLztEX_2DXqclR3S3UiC5BNYjxTZqzKmUbJ06Zj_rfKsYqDVAtQWoMEC1BqhWEy_vlRcz2-n3jYfEEGg3oGAr7m3-M_r_qr8A5NGpJQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2100939015</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Mathematical arterialisation of peripheral venous blood gas for obtainment of arterial blood gas values: a methodological validation study in the clinical setting</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Lumholdt, Mads ; Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn ; Christensen, Erika Frischknecht ; Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian</creator><creatorcontrib>Lumholdt, Mads ; Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn ; Christensen, Erika Frischknecht ; Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian</creatorcontrib><description>Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is an essential tool in the clinical assessment of acutely ill patients. Venous to arterial conversion (v-TAC), a mathematical method, has been developed recently to convert peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) values to arterialized VBG (aVBG) values. The aim of this study was to test the validity of aVBG compared to ABG in an emergency department (ED) setting. Twenty ED patients were included in this study. ABG and three aVBG samples were collected from each patient. The aVBG samples were processed in three different ways to investigate appropriate sample handling. All VBG samples were arterialized using the v-TAC method. ABG and aVBG samples were compared using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland–Altman plots and misclassification analysis. Clinical acceptable threshold of aVBG value deviance from ABG values were ± 0.05 pH units, ± 0.88 kPa pCO 2 and ± 0.88 kPa pO 2 . CCC revealed an agreement in pH and pCO 2 parameters for both aVBG in comparison to ABG. In all aVBG samples, an overestimation of pO 2 compared to ABG was observed. Bland–Altman plot revealed clinically acceptable mean difference and limits-of-agreement intervals between ABG and aVBG pH and pCO 2 , but not between ABG and aVBG pO 2 . Arterialization of VBG using v-TAC is a valid method for measuring pH and pCO 2 , but not for pO 2 . Larger clinical studies are required to evaluate the applicability of v-TAC in different patient subpopulations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1387-1307</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2614</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0197-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30196470</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthesiology ; Arteries - pathology ; Bicarbonates ; Blood ; Blood Gas Analysis - methods ; Carbon Dioxide - blood ; Correlation coefficients ; Critical Care Medicine ; Critical Illness ; Emergency medical services ; Female ; Health Sciences ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intensive ; Male ; Mathematical analysis ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Monitoring systems ; Original Research ; Oxygen - blood ; Patient assessment ; Patients ; Sample Size ; Statistics for Life Sciences ; Veins - pathology</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, 2019-08, Vol.33 (4), p.733-740</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature B.V. 2018</rights><rights>Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-93f81fb0f395e1b49fb237b87297ba93eab07f2b3f40d78d16c7e74c50cb60213</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-93f81fb0f395e1b49fb237b87297ba93eab07f2b3f40d78d16c7e74c50cb60213</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1168-4041 ; 0000-0003-0450-329X ; 0000-0003-3673-9694</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10877-018-0197-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10877-018-0197-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30196470$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lumholdt, Mads</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christensen, Erika Frischknecht</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian</creatorcontrib><title>Mathematical arterialisation of peripheral venous blood gas for obtainment of arterial blood gas values: a methodological validation study in the clinical setting</title><title>Journal of clinical monitoring and computing</title><addtitle>J Clin Monit Comput</addtitle><addtitle>J Clin Monit Comput</addtitle><description>Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is an essential tool in the clinical assessment of acutely ill patients. Venous to arterial conversion (v-TAC), a mathematical method, has been developed recently to convert peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) values to arterialized VBG (aVBG) values. The aim of this study was to test the validity of aVBG compared to ABG in an emergency department (ED) setting. Twenty ED patients were included in this study. ABG and three aVBG samples were collected from each patient. The aVBG samples were processed in three different ways to investigate appropriate sample handling. All VBG samples were arterialized using the v-TAC method. ABG and aVBG samples were compared using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland–Altman plots and misclassification analysis. Clinical acceptable threshold of aVBG value deviance from ABG values were ± 0.05 pH units, ± 0.88 kPa pCO 2 and ± 0.88 kPa pO 2 . CCC revealed an agreement in pH and pCO 2 parameters for both aVBG in comparison to ABG. In all aVBG samples, an overestimation of pO 2 compared to ABG was observed. Bland–Altman plot revealed clinically acceptable mean difference and limits-of-agreement intervals between ABG and aVBG pH and pCO 2 , but not between ABG and aVBG pO 2 . Arterialization of VBG using v-TAC is a valid method for measuring pH and pCO 2 , but not for pO 2 . Larger clinical studies are required to evaluate the applicability of v-TAC in different patient subpopulations.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Arteries - pathology</subject><subject>Bicarbonates</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood Gas Analysis - methods</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - blood</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Critical Care Medicine</subject><subject>Critical Illness</subject><subject>Emergency medical services</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Intensive</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine &amp; Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Monitoring systems</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Oxygen - blood</subject><subject>Patient assessment</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Sample Size</subject><subject>Statistics for Life Sciences</subject><subject>Veins - pathology</subject><issn>1387-1307</issn><issn>1573-2614</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc-O1SAUxonROH_0AdwYEjduqofSXoo7M1HHZIwbXRNo4V4mFK5AJ5nX8Uk9nc6oMXFBIOf8-M4HHyEvGLxhAOJtYTAI0QAbcEnRsEfklPWCN-2OdY_xzAcschAn5KyUawCQA2dPyQlHfNcJOCU_v-h6sLOuftSB6lxt9jr4goUUaXL0iIXjwWbs3tiYlkJNSGmie12oS5kmU7WPs411pR8E_oJudFhseUc1nW09pCmFtL8bhg0_bXNKXaZb6iNFL3QMPt4Bxdbq4_4ZeeJ0KPb5_X5Ovn_88O3isrn6-unzxfurZuSirY3kbmDOgOOyt8x00pmWCzOIVgqjJbfagHCt4a6DSQwT243Cim7sYTQ7aBk_J6833WNOP9ByVbMvow1BR4vvVi3DX2NDLztEX_2DXqclR3S3UiC5BNYjxTZqzKmUbJ06Zj_rfKsYqDVAtQWoMEC1BqhWEy_vlRcz2-n3jYfEEGg3oGAr7m3-M_r_qr8A5NGpJQ</recordid><startdate>20190801</startdate><enddate>20190801</enddate><creator>Lumholdt, Mads</creator><creator>Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn</creator><creator>Christensen, Erika Frischknecht</creator><creator>Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K7-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-4041</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-329X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-9694</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190801</creationdate><title>Mathematical arterialisation of peripheral venous blood gas for obtainment of arterial blood gas values: a methodological validation study in the clinical setting</title><author>Lumholdt, Mads ; Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn ; Christensen, Erika Frischknecht ; Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-93f81fb0f395e1b49fb237b87297ba93eab07f2b3f40d78d16c7e74c50cb60213</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Arteries - pathology</topic><topic>Bicarbonates</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood Gas Analysis - methods</topic><topic>Carbon Dioxide - blood</topic><topic>Correlation coefficients</topic><topic>Critical Care Medicine</topic><topic>Critical Illness</topic><topic>Emergency medical services</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Intensive</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine &amp; Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Monitoring systems</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Oxygen - blood</topic><topic>Patient assessment</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Sample Size</topic><topic>Statistics for Life Sciences</topic><topic>Veins - pathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lumholdt, Mads</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christensen, Erika Frischknecht</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics &amp; Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Computer Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of clinical monitoring and computing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lumholdt, Mads</au><au>Damgaard, Kjeld Asbjørn</au><au>Christensen, Erika Frischknecht</au><au>Leutscher, Peter Derek Christian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mathematical arterialisation of peripheral venous blood gas for obtainment of arterial blood gas values: a methodological validation study in the clinical setting</atitle><jtitle>Journal of clinical monitoring and computing</jtitle><stitle>J Clin Monit Comput</stitle><addtitle>J Clin Monit Comput</addtitle><date>2019-08-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>733</spage><epage>740</epage><pages>733-740</pages><issn>1387-1307</issn><eissn>1573-2614</eissn><abstract>Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is an essential tool in the clinical assessment of acutely ill patients. Venous to arterial conversion (v-TAC), a mathematical method, has been developed recently to convert peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) values to arterialized VBG (aVBG) values. The aim of this study was to test the validity of aVBG compared to ABG in an emergency department (ED) setting. Twenty ED patients were included in this study. ABG and three aVBG samples were collected from each patient. The aVBG samples were processed in three different ways to investigate appropriate sample handling. All VBG samples were arterialized using the v-TAC method. ABG and aVBG samples were compared using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland–Altman plots and misclassification analysis. Clinical acceptable threshold of aVBG value deviance from ABG values were ± 0.05 pH units, ± 0.88 kPa pCO 2 and ± 0.88 kPa pO 2 . CCC revealed an agreement in pH and pCO 2 parameters for both aVBG in comparison to ABG. In all aVBG samples, an overestimation of pO 2 compared to ABG was observed. Bland–Altman plot revealed clinically acceptable mean difference and limits-of-agreement intervals between ABG and aVBG pH and pCO 2 , but not between ABG and aVBG pO 2 . Arterialization of VBG using v-TAC is a valid method for measuring pH and pCO 2 , but not for pO 2 . Larger clinical studies are required to evaluate the applicability of v-TAC in different patient subpopulations.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>30196470</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10877-018-0197-1</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-4041</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-329X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-9694</orcidid></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1387-1307
ispartof Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, 2019-08, Vol.33 (4), p.733-740
issn 1387-1307
1573-2614
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2101918594
source MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals
subjects Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Anesthesiology
Arteries - pathology
Bicarbonates
Blood
Blood Gas Analysis - methods
Carbon Dioxide - blood
Correlation coefficients
Critical Care Medicine
Critical Illness
Emergency medical services
Female
Health Sciences
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Intensive
Male
Mathematical analysis
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Models, Theoretical
Monitoring systems
Original Research
Oxygen - blood
Patient assessment
Patients
Sample Size
Statistics for Life Sciences
Veins - pathology
title Mathematical arterialisation of peripheral venous blood gas for obtainment of arterial blood gas values: a methodological validation study in the clinical setting
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-23T03%3A31%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mathematical%20arterialisation%20of%20peripheral%20venous%20blood%20gas%20for%20obtainment%20of%20arterial%20blood%20gas%20values:%20a%20methodological%20validation%20study%20in%20the%20clinical%20setting&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20clinical%20monitoring%20and%20computing&rft.au=Lumholdt,%20Mads&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=733&rft.epage=740&rft.pages=733-740&rft.issn=1387-1307&rft.eissn=1573-2614&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10877-018-0197-1&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2100939015%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2100939015&rft_id=info:pmid/30196470&rfr_iscdi=true