Thyroid-stimulating hormone is not the primary regulator of thyroid development in euthyroid children and adolescents living in an iodine-replete area
Objectives It is known that there are multiple factors which can affect thyroid gland development during childhood and adolescence. Our aim was to investigate this issue by examining the relationships between age, sex, several anthropometric parameters, pubertal status, thyroid function tests, and i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Hormones (Athens, Greece) Greece), 2018-09, Vol.17 (3), p.391-396 |
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| creator | Michalaki, Marina A. Mamali, Irene Tsekouras, Athanasios Vlassopoulou, Barbara Anastasiou, Eleni Koukkou, Eftychia G. Vagenakis, Apostolos G. Sakellaropoulos, George Georgopoulos, Neoklis A. Rashitov, Murod Azizov, Bakhti Ismailov, Said Markou, Kostas B. |
| description | Objectives
It is known that there are multiple factors which can affect thyroid gland development during childhood and adolescence. Our aim was to investigate this issue by examining the relationships between age, sex, several anthropometric parameters, pubertal status, thyroid function tests, and iodine intake status with thyroid volume (TV) in children and adolescents.
Study design
This was a cross-sectional field study conducted in 11 representative cities and villages of Uzbekistan. Six hundred and ten children and adolescents participated. Anthropometric indices and TV were estimated. In addition, thyroid function tests (TFTs) and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) measures were obtained.
Results
Median UIE was 151 μg/L, thus the studied areas were iodine-sufficient. TFTs fluctuated in both genders during childhood and adolescence and the thyroid growth spurt was observed, in both sexes, at the ages of 12 and 13 years, which coincided with the age of menarche in girls. Thyroid volume was positively correlated with body surface area (BSA) (
r
= 0.800,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s42000-018-0056-y |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2099433425</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2099433425</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-1dc54c3ece89479e934594f543a0c1dbf9f889841a3ec7579226625cba30dc403</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kcluHCEYhFEUyx4vD5BLxDEXkp-lF46RlU2ylItzRgz8PYPVDRPotjQvkucNnRnn6BOH-qqAKkLecfjIAbpPRQkAYMB7BtC07PiGbEQjgPWd4G_JhnPQTILWV-S6lCeAttE9vyRXEnjXS91uyJ_H_TGn4FmZw7SMdg5xR_cpTykiDYXGNNN5j_SQw2TzkWbcrVTKNA1V-OelHp9xTIcJ40xDpLi8CG4fRp8xUhs9tT6NWFyFCh3D83pRWBUakg8RWcbDiDNSm9HekovBjgXvzucN-fX1y-P9d_bw89uP-88PzEmlZsa9a5ST6LDXqtOopWq0GholLTjut4Me-l73itvKdE2nhWhb0bitleCdAnlDPpxyDzn9XrDMZgr1ieNoI6alGFHLU1Iq0VSUn1CXUykZB3PuxHAw6xzmNIepc5h1DnOsnvfn-GU7of_veOm_AuIElCrFHWbzlJYc65dfSf0LmDCZkQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2099433425</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Thyroid-stimulating hormone is not the primary regulator of thyroid development in euthyroid children and adolescents living in an iodine-replete area</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Michalaki, Marina A. ; Mamali, Irene ; Tsekouras, Athanasios ; Vlassopoulou, Barbara ; Anastasiou, Eleni ; Koukkou, Eftychia G. ; Vagenakis, Apostolos G. ; Sakellaropoulos, George ; Georgopoulos, Neoklis A. ; Rashitov, Murod ; Azizov, Bakhti ; Ismailov, Said ; Markou, Kostas B.</creator><creatorcontrib>Michalaki, Marina A. ; Mamali, Irene ; Tsekouras, Athanasios ; Vlassopoulou, Barbara ; Anastasiou, Eleni ; Koukkou, Eftychia G. ; Vagenakis, Apostolos G. ; Sakellaropoulos, George ; Georgopoulos, Neoklis A. ; Rashitov, Murod ; Azizov, Bakhti ; Ismailov, Said ; Markou, Kostas B.</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
It is known that there are multiple factors which can affect thyroid gland development during childhood and adolescence. Our aim was to investigate this issue by examining the relationships between age, sex, several anthropometric parameters, pubertal status, thyroid function tests, and iodine intake status with thyroid volume (TV) in children and adolescents.
Study design
This was a cross-sectional field study conducted in 11 representative cities and villages of Uzbekistan. Six hundred and ten children and adolescents participated. Anthropometric indices and TV were estimated. In addition, thyroid function tests (TFTs) and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) measures were obtained.
Results
Median UIE was 151 μg/L, thus the studied areas were iodine-sufficient. TFTs fluctuated in both genders during childhood and adolescence and the thyroid growth spurt was observed, in both sexes, at the ages of 12 and 13 years, which coincided with the age of menarche in girls. Thyroid volume was positively correlated with body surface area (BSA) (
r
= 0.800,
p
< 0.001), age (
r
= 0.780,
p
< 0.001), fat-free mass (FFM) (
r
= 0.797,
p
< 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum TSH (
r
= −0.154,
p
= 0.05). No association between thyroid volume and UIE was observed.
Conclusions
In euthyroid children and adolescents living in iodine-replete areas, thyroid gland development appears to follow the pattern of linear growth and displays a growth spurt at the onset of puberty, probably due to the abrupt increase of circulating sex steroids. At this age, TSH does not appear to be the main regulator of thyroid gland development.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1109-3099</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2520-8721</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0056-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30178396</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescent Development - physiology ; Body Composition - physiology ; Body Surface Area ; Child ; Child Development - physiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Humans ; Iodine - urine ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Original Article ; Puberty - metabolism ; Puberty - physiology ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland - growth & development ; Thyrotropin - blood ; Uzbekistan</subject><ispartof>Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2018-09, Vol.17 (3), p.391-396</ispartof><rights>Hellenic Endocrine Society 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-1dc54c3ece89479e934594f543a0c1dbf9f889841a3ec7579226625cba30dc403</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-1dc54c3ece89479e934594f543a0c1dbf9f889841a3ec7579226625cba30dc403</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42000-018-0056-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42000-018-0056-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30178396$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Michalaki, Marina A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mamali, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsekouras, Athanasios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vlassopoulou, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anastasiou, Eleni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koukkou, Eftychia G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vagenakis, Apostolos G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sakellaropoulos, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Georgopoulos, Neoklis A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rashitov, Murod</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azizov, Bakhti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ismailov, Said</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markou, Kostas B.</creatorcontrib><title>Thyroid-stimulating hormone is not the primary regulator of thyroid development in euthyroid children and adolescents living in an iodine-replete area</title><title>Hormones (Athens, Greece)</title><addtitle>Hormones</addtitle><addtitle>Hormones (Athens)</addtitle><description>Objectives
It is known that there are multiple factors which can affect thyroid gland development during childhood and adolescence. Our aim was to investigate this issue by examining the relationships between age, sex, several anthropometric parameters, pubertal status, thyroid function tests, and iodine intake status with thyroid volume (TV) in children and adolescents.
Study design
This was a cross-sectional field study conducted in 11 representative cities and villages of Uzbekistan. Six hundred and ten children and adolescents participated. Anthropometric indices and TV were estimated. In addition, thyroid function tests (TFTs) and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) measures were obtained.
Results
Median UIE was 151 μg/L, thus the studied areas were iodine-sufficient. TFTs fluctuated in both genders during childhood and adolescence and the thyroid growth spurt was observed, in both sexes, at the ages of 12 and 13 years, which coincided with the age of menarche in girls. Thyroid volume was positively correlated with body surface area (BSA) (
r
= 0.800,
p
< 0.001), age (
r
= 0.780,
p
< 0.001), fat-free mass (FFM) (
r
= 0.797,
p
< 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum TSH (
r
= −0.154,
p
= 0.05). No association between thyroid volume and UIE was observed.
Conclusions
In euthyroid children and adolescents living in iodine-replete areas, thyroid gland development appears to follow the pattern of linear growth and displays a growth spurt at the onset of puberty, probably due to the abrupt increase of circulating sex steroids. At this age, TSH does not appear to be the main regulator of thyroid gland development.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescent Development - physiology</subject><subject>Body Composition - physiology</subject><subject>Body Surface Area</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child Development - physiology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iodine - urine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Puberty - metabolism</subject><subject>Puberty - physiology</subject><subject>Thyroid Function Tests</subject><subject>Thyroid Gland - growth & development</subject><subject>Thyrotropin - blood</subject><subject>Uzbekistan</subject><issn>1109-3099</issn><issn>2520-8721</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcluHCEYhFEUyx4vD5BLxDEXkp-lF46RlU2ylItzRgz8PYPVDRPotjQvkucNnRnn6BOH-qqAKkLecfjIAbpPRQkAYMB7BtC07PiGbEQjgPWd4G_JhnPQTILWV-S6lCeAttE9vyRXEnjXS91uyJ_H_TGn4FmZw7SMdg5xR_cpTykiDYXGNNN5j_SQw2TzkWbcrVTKNA1V-OelHp9xTIcJ40xDpLi8CG4fRp8xUhs9tT6NWFyFCh3D83pRWBUakg8RWcbDiDNSm9HekovBjgXvzucN-fX1y-P9d_bw89uP-88PzEmlZsa9a5ST6LDXqtOopWq0GholLTjut4Me-l73itvKdE2nhWhb0bitleCdAnlDPpxyDzn9XrDMZgr1ieNoI6alGFHLU1Iq0VSUn1CXUykZB3PuxHAw6xzmNIepc5h1DnOsnvfn-GU7of_veOm_AuIElCrFHWbzlJYc65dfSf0LmDCZkQ</recordid><startdate>20180901</startdate><enddate>20180901</enddate><creator>Michalaki, Marina A.</creator><creator>Mamali, Irene</creator><creator>Tsekouras, Athanasios</creator><creator>Vlassopoulou, Barbara</creator><creator>Anastasiou, Eleni</creator><creator>Koukkou, Eftychia G.</creator><creator>Vagenakis, Apostolos G.</creator><creator>Sakellaropoulos, George</creator><creator>Georgopoulos, Neoklis A.</creator><creator>Rashitov, Murod</creator><creator>Azizov, Bakhti</creator><creator>Ismailov, Said</creator><creator>Markou, Kostas B.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180901</creationdate><title>Thyroid-stimulating hormone is not the primary regulator of thyroid development in euthyroid children and adolescents living in an iodine-replete area</title><author>Michalaki, Marina A. ; Mamali, Irene ; Tsekouras, Athanasios ; Vlassopoulou, Barbara ; Anastasiou, Eleni ; Koukkou, Eftychia G. ; Vagenakis, Apostolos G. ; Sakellaropoulos, George ; Georgopoulos, Neoklis A. ; Rashitov, Murod ; Azizov, Bakhti ; Ismailov, Said ; Markou, Kostas B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-1dc54c3ece89479e934594f543a0c1dbf9f889841a3ec7579226625cba30dc403</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescent Development - physiology</topic><topic>Body Composition - physiology</topic><topic>Body Surface Area</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child Development - physiology</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iodine - urine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Puberty - metabolism</topic><topic>Puberty - physiology</topic><topic>Thyroid Function Tests</topic><topic>Thyroid Gland - growth & development</topic><topic>Thyrotropin - blood</topic><topic>Uzbekistan</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Michalaki, Marina A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mamali, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsekouras, Athanasios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vlassopoulou, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anastasiou, Eleni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koukkou, Eftychia G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vagenakis, Apostolos G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sakellaropoulos, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Georgopoulos, Neoklis A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rashitov, Murod</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azizov, Bakhti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ismailov, Said</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markou, Kostas B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Hormones (Athens, Greece)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Michalaki, Marina A.</au><au>Mamali, Irene</au><au>Tsekouras, Athanasios</au><au>Vlassopoulou, Barbara</au><au>Anastasiou, Eleni</au><au>Koukkou, Eftychia G.</au><au>Vagenakis, Apostolos G.</au><au>Sakellaropoulos, George</au><au>Georgopoulos, Neoklis A.</au><au>Rashitov, Murod</au><au>Azizov, Bakhti</au><au>Ismailov, Said</au><au>Markou, Kostas B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thyroid-stimulating hormone is not the primary regulator of thyroid development in euthyroid children and adolescents living in an iodine-replete area</atitle><jtitle>Hormones (Athens, Greece)</jtitle><stitle>Hormones</stitle><addtitle>Hormones (Athens)</addtitle><date>2018-09-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>391</spage><epage>396</epage><pages>391-396</pages><issn>1109-3099</issn><eissn>2520-8721</eissn><abstract>Objectives
It is known that there are multiple factors which can affect thyroid gland development during childhood and adolescence. Our aim was to investigate this issue by examining the relationships between age, sex, several anthropometric parameters, pubertal status, thyroid function tests, and iodine intake status with thyroid volume (TV) in children and adolescents.
Study design
This was a cross-sectional field study conducted in 11 representative cities and villages of Uzbekistan. Six hundred and ten children and adolescents participated. Anthropometric indices and TV were estimated. In addition, thyroid function tests (TFTs) and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) measures were obtained.
Results
Median UIE was 151 μg/L, thus the studied areas were iodine-sufficient. TFTs fluctuated in both genders during childhood and adolescence and the thyroid growth spurt was observed, in both sexes, at the ages of 12 and 13 years, which coincided with the age of menarche in girls. Thyroid volume was positively correlated with body surface area (BSA) (
r
= 0.800,
p
< 0.001), age (
r
= 0.780,
p
< 0.001), fat-free mass (FFM) (
r
= 0.797,
p
< 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum TSH (
r
= −0.154,
p
= 0.05). No association between thyroid volume and UIE was observed.
Conclusions
In euthyroid children and adolescents living in iodine-replete areas, thyroid gland development appears to follow the pattern of linear growth and displays a growth spurt at the onset of puberty, probably due to the abrupt increase of circulating sex steroids. At this age, TSH does not appear to be the main regulator of thyroid gland development.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>30178396</pmid><doi>10.1007/s42000-018-0056-y</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1109-3099 |
| ispartof | Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2018-09, Vol.17 (3), p.391-396 |
| issn | 1109-3099 2520-8721 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescent Development - physiology Body Composition - physiology Body Surface Area Child Child Development - physiology Cross-Sectional Studies Endocrinology Female Humans Iodine - urine Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Original Article Puberty - metabolism Puberty - physiology Thyroid Function Tests Thyroid Gland - growth & development Thyrotropin - blood Uzbekistan |
| title | Thyroid-stimulating hormone is not the primary regulator of thyroid development in euthyroid children and adolescents living in an iodine-replete area |
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