Changes in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH in estrogen-treated post-menopausal women: evidence that gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor plays a physiological role
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in pituitary response to GnRH in post-menopausal women during substitution treatment with exogenous estrogen and progesterone. METHODS: Seven healthy post-menopausal women (group 1) were treated with various doses of E2 valerate for 43...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human reproduction (Oxford) 2004-09, Vol.19 (9), p.1985-1992 |
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| container_end_page | 1992 |
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| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 1985 |
| container_title | Human reproduction (Oxford) |
| container_volume | 19 |
| creator | Dafopoulos, K. Kotsovassilis, C.G. Milingos, S. Kallitsaris, A. Galazios, G. Zintzaras, E. Sotiros, P. Messinis, I.E. |
| description | BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in pituitary response to GnRH in post-menopausal women during substitution treatment with exogenous estrogen and progesterone. METHODS: Seven healthy post-menopausal women (group 1) were treated with various doses of E2 valerate for 43 days, so as the serum concentrations of E2 mimicked those of a follicular (FP-1), a luteal (LP) and a second follicular (FP-2) phase. During the LP, progesterone was also administered. The 30 min response of LH (ΔLH) and FSH (ΔFSH) to GnRH (10 μg i.v.) (pituitary sensitivity) was investigated every 24 h in group 1 and also in seven normally cycling women (group 2) during a spontaneous (control) follicular phase (FP). Based on the hormone profiles, day 32 in group 1 (FP-2) corresponded to day 2 in the spontaneous FP of group 2. RESULTS: Basal FSH concentrations were significantly higher in FP-2 than in the control FP (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/humrep/deh383 |
| format | Article |
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METHODS: Seven healthy post-menopausal women (group 1) were treated with various doses of E2 valerate for 43 days, so as the serum concentrations of E2 mimicked those of a follicular (FP-1), a luteal (LP) and a second follicular (FP-2) phase. During the LP, progesterone was also administered. The 30 min response of LH (ΔLH) and FSH (ΔFSH) to GnRH (10 μg i.v.) (pituitary sensitivity) was investigated every 24 h in group 1 and also in seven normally cycling women (group 2) during a spontaneous (control) follicular phase (FP). Based on the hormone profiles, day 32 in group 1 (FP-2) corresponded to day 2 in the spontaneous FP of group 2. RESULTS: Basal FSH concentrations were significantly higher in FP-2 than in the control FP (P<0.05), while basal LH concentrations were similar in the two phases with higher values in FP-2 towards the end of the experiment (corresponding to days 10 and 11, P<0.05). However, an LH surge was seen only in the control FP. ΔFSH values remained stable in both phases and increased only in the control FP on days 12 and 13. ΔLH values remained stable in the control FP and only increased on days 12 (P<0.05) and 13 (P<0.05), but in FP-2, ΔLH values increased earlier (corresponding to day 7, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates for the first time that in the absence of ovarian function, follicular phase E2 concentrations sensitize the pituitary to GnRH at an earlier stage (corresponding to the midfollicular phase) than in the normal menstrual cycle (late follicular phase). It is suggested that during the early to midfollicular phase the ovaries produce a gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor (GnSAF) that antagonizes the pituitary-sensitizing effect of E2 to GnRH.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0268-1161</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1460-2350</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2350</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh383</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15229199</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HUREEE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology ; Estradiol - administration & dosage ; Estradiol - pharmacology ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood ; Follicular Phase ; FSH ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; GnRH ; Gonadal Hormones ; gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone - blood ; Middle Aged ; Osmolar Concentration ; pituitary ; Pituitary Gland - drug effects ; Postmenopause - blood ; Postmenopause - physiology ; Progesterone - pharmacology ; Proteins - physiology ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>Human reproduction (Oxford), 2004-09, Vol.19 (9), p.1985-1992</ispartof><rights>Human Reproduction vol. 19 no. 9 © European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2004; all rights reserved 2004</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press(England) Sep 2004</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-d44bbe573e3f409596042b3ac3cee3bb5aa3ccfca079e8169366cc53f1fb91cd3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,1586,27933,27934</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16098869$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15229199$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dafopoulos, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kotsovassilis, C.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milingos, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kallitsaris, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galazios, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zintzaras, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sotiros, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messinis, I.E.</creatorcontrib><title>Changes in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH in estrogen-treated post-menopausal women: evidence that gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor plays a physiological role</title><title>Human reproduction (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Hum. Reprod</addtitle><addtitle>Hum. Reprod</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in pituitary response to GnRH in post-menopausal women during substitution treatment with exogenous estrogen and progesterone. METHODS: Seven healthy post-menopausal women (group 1) were treated with various doses of E2 valerate for 43 days, so as the serum concentrations of E2 mimicked those of a follicular (FP-1), a luteal (LP) and a second follicular (FP-2) phase. During the LP, progesterone was also administered. The 30 min response of LH (ΔLH) and FSH (ΔFSH) to GnRH (10 μg i.v.) (pituitary sensitivity) was investigated every 24 h in group 1 and also in seven normally cycling women (group 2) during a spontaneous (control) follicular phase (FP). Based on the hormone profiles, day 32 in group 1 (FP-2) corresponded to day 2 in the spontaneous FP of group 2. RESULTS: Basal FSH concentrations were significantly higher in FP-2 than in the control FP (P<0.05), while basal LH concentrations were similar in the two phases with higher values in FP-2 towards the end of the experiment (corresponding to days 10 and 11, P<0.05). However, an LH surge was seen only in the control FP. ΔFSH values remained stable in both phases and increased only in the control FP on days 12 and 13. ΔLH values remained stable in the control FP and only increased on days 12 (P<0.05) and 13 (P<0.05), but in FP-2, ΔLH values increased earlier (corresponding to day 7, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates for the first time that in the absence of ovarian function, follicular phase E2 concentrations sensitize the pituitary to GnRH at an earlier stage (corresponding to the midfollicular phase) than in the normal menstrual cycle (late follicular phase). It is suggested that during the early to midfollicular phase the ovaries produce a gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor (GnSAF) that antagonizes the pituitary-sensitizing effect of E2 to GnRH.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug Synergism</subject><subject>Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology</subject><subject>Estradiol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Estradiol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Follicular Phase</subject><subject>FSH</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GnRH</subject><subject>Gonadal Hormones</subject><subject>gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Luteinizing Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Osmolar Concentration</subject><subject>pituitary</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - drug effects</subject><subject>Postmenopause - blood</subject><subject>Postmenopause - physiology</subject><subject>Progesterone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Proteins - physiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0268-1161</issn><issn>1460-2350</issn><issn>1460-2350</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0UGL1DAUB_Aiiju7evQqQVC81E2aNm29yeDuCCviojJ4Ca_pa5u1TWqS7jqfxy9qhhlc8OIpCfzy8vL-SfKM0TeM1vx8WCaH83mLA6_4g2TFckHTjBf0YbKimahSxgQ7SU69v6E0bivxODlhRZbVrK5Xye_1AKZHT7Qhsw6LDuB2xKPxOuhbHXYkWHJprjd7gD4426NJg0MI2JLZ-pBOaOwMi4eR3Nl4eEvwVrdoFJIwQCC9NdDaeHMeYg2_uB4JhIBmgaBNTzpQwToyj7DzBMg87Ly2o-21ihWdHfFJ8qiD0ePT43qWfL14_2W9Sa8-XX5Yv7tKVZ5XIW3zvGmwKDnyLqd1UQuaZw0HxRUib5oCgCvVKaBljRUTNRdCqYJ3rGtqplp-lrw61J2d_bnEz8pJe4XjCAbt4mUW581oRSN88Q-8sYszsTeZMVYVOc95ROkBKWe9d9jJ2ekpTlcyKvfRyUN08hBd9M-PRZdmwvZeH7OK4OURgI-j6RwYpf29E7SuKrF3rw_OLvN_3zz2qH3AX38xuB9SlLws5Gb7XX6-2K6vP5Zb-Y3_AcZxxgk</recordid><startdate>20040901</startdate><enddate>20040901</enddate><creator>Dafopoulos, K.</creator><creator>Kotsovassilis, C.G.</creator><creator>Milingos, S.</creator><creator>Kallitsaris, A.</creator><creator>Galazios, G.</creator><creator>Zintzaras, E.</creator><creator>Sotiros, P.</creator><creator>Messinis, I.E.</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7TK</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040901</creationdate><title>Changes in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH in estrogen-treated post-menopausal women: evidence that gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor plays a physiological role</title><author>Dafopoulos, K. ; Kotsovassilis, C.G. ; Milingos, S. ; Kallitsaris, A. ; Galazios, G. ; Zintzaras, E. ; Sotiros, P. ; Messinis, I.E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-d44bbe573e3f409596042b3ac3cee3bb5aa3ccfca079e8169366cc53f1fb91cd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug Synergism</topic><topic>Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology</topic><topic>Estradiol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Estradiol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Follicular Phase</topic><topic>FSH</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GnRH</topic><topic>Gonadal Hormones</topic><topic>gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Luteinizing Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Osmolar Concentration</topic><topic>pituitary</topic><topic>Pituitary Gland - drug effects</topic><topic>Postmenopause - blood</topic><topic>Postmenopause - physiology</topic><topic>Progesterone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Proteins - physiology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dafopoulos, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kotsovassilis, C.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milingos, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kallitsaris, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galazios, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zintzaras, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sotiros, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messinis, I.E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Human reproduction (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dafopoulos, K.</au><au>Kotsovassilis, C.G.</au><au>Milingos, S.</au><au>Kallitsaris, A.</au><au>Galazios, G.</au><au>Zintzaras, E.</au><au>Sotiros, P.</au><au>Messinis, I.E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH in estrogen-treated post-menopausal women: evidence that gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor plays a physiological role</atitle><jtitle>Human reproduction (Oxford)</jtitle><stitle>Hum. Reprod</stitle><addtitle>Hum. Reprod</addtitle><date>2004-09-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1985</spage><epage>1992</epage><pages>1985-1992</pages><issn>0268-1161</issn><issn>1460-2350</issn><eissn>1460-2350</eissn><coden>HUREEE</coden><abstract>BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in pituitary response to GnRH in post-menopausal women during substitution treatment with exogenous estrogen and progesterone. METHODS: Seven healthy post-menopausal women (group 1) were treated with various doses of E2 valerate for 43 days, so as the serum concentrations of E2 mimicked those of a follicular (FP-1), a luteal (LP) and a second follicular (FP-2) phase. During the LP, progesterone was also administered. The 30 min response of LH (ΔLH) and FSH (ΔFSH) to GnRH (10 μg i.v.) (pituitary sensitivity) was investigated every 24 h in group 1 and also in seven normally cycling women (group 2) during a spontaneous (control) follicular phase (FP). Based on the hormone profiles, day 32 in group 1 (FP-2) corresponded to day 2 in the spontaneous FP of group 2. RESULTS: Basal FSH concentrations were significantly higher in FP-2 than in the control FP (P<0.05), while basal LH concentrations were similar in the two phases with higher values in FP-2 towards the end of the experiment (corresponding to days 10 and 11, P<0.05). However, an LH surge was seen only in the control FP. ΔFSH values remained stable in both phases and increased only in the control FP on days 12 and 13. ΔLH values remained stable in the control FP and only increased on days 12 (P<0.05) and 13 (P<0.05), but in FP-2, ΔLH values increased earlier (corresponding to day 7, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates for the first time that in the absence of ovarian function, follicular phase E2 concentrations sensitize the pituitary to GnRH at an earlier stage (corresponding to the midfollicular phase) than in the normal menstrual cycle (late follicular phase). It is suggested that during the early to midfollicular phase the ovaries produce a gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor (GnSAF) that antagonizes the pituitary-sensitizing effect of E2 to GnRH.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>15229199</pmid><doi>10.1093/humrep/deh383</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Synergism Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology Estradiol - administration & dosage Estradiol - pharmacology Female Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood Follicular Phase FSH Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GnRH Gonadal Hormones gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology Humans Luteinizing Hormone - blood Middle Aged Osmolar Concentration pituitary Pituitary Gland - drug effects Postmenopause - blood Postmenopause - physiology Progesterone - pharmacology Proteins - physiology Time Factors |
| title | Changes in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH in estrogen-treated post-menopausal women: evidence that gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor plays a physiological role |
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