Proteomics analysis of site- and stage-specific protein expression after peripheral nerve injury

The peripheral nervous system has greater regenerative potential than the CNS. This fact suggests the existence of molecules that act as key factors in nerve regeneration during molecular changes in the peripheral nervous system. The right sciatic nerve of female Sprague–Dawley rats was exposed and transected at the mid-thigh level. Animals were sacrificed at 5, 10 or 35 days after nerve transection. Proximal and distal nerve segments (1-cm in length) were dissected. We then sought to observe overall molecular changes after peripheral nerve injury using a proteomic approach. For an overview of the identified proteins, each protein was classified according to its biological and molecular functions. We identified a number of proteins showing site- and stage-specific patterns of expression. Both proximal and distal molecular changes at 5, 10 and 35 days after nerve transection were investigated, and a total of 2353 proteins were identified. Among the various expression patterns observed, aFGF and GAP-43 were found to increase in the proximal stump at 10 days after transection, and PN-1, RPL9 and prosaposin increased in the distal stump at 5 days after transection. Among these proteins, aFGF, GAP-43, PN-1 and prosaposin were found to be associated with nerve regeneration. We demonstrated that aFGF, GAP-43, PN-1 and prosaposin expression increased at specific stages and in specific sites, such as the proximal or distal stump, after nerve transection by comprehensive measurement using proteomics analysis. We believe that these specific expression patterns might play important roles during regeneration after nerve injury.