Speech analysis for health: Current state-of-the-art and the increasing impact of deep learning

•An overview of the emergent domain of Speech Analysis for Health Care is given.•Insights are given into Deep Learning approaches in this field.•Challenges in the field are summarised.•A collection of databases in this field is presented.•Pointers to major toolkits in the field are given throughout. Due to the complex and intricate nature associated with their production, the acoustic-prosodic properties of a speech signal are modulated with a range of health related effects. There is an active and growing area of machine learning research in this speech and health domain, focusing on developing paradigms to objectively extract and measure such effects. Concurrently, deep learning is transforming intelligent signal analysis, such that machines are now reaching near human capabilities in a range of recognition and analysis tasks. Herein, we review current state-of-the-art approaches with speech-based health detection, placing a particular focus on the impact of deep learning within this domain. Based on this overview, it is evident while that deep learning based solutions be become more present in the literature, it has not had the same overall dominating effect seen in other related fields. In this regard, we suggest some possible research directions aimed at fully leveraging the advantages that deep learning can offer speech-based health detection.