Bacterial community profiles on feathers during composting as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA genes
Composting is one of the more economical and environmentally safe methods of recycling feather waste generated by the poultry industry, since 90% of the feather weight consists of crude keratin protein, and feathers contain 15% N. However, the keratin in waste feathers is resistant to biodegradation...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2005-05, Vol.67 (3), p.412-419 |
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| creator | Tiquia, S. M Ichida, J. M Keener, H. M Elwell, D. L Burtt, E. H. Jr Michel, F. C. Jr |
| description | Composting is one of the more economical and environmentally safe methods of recycling feather waste generated by the poultry industry, since 90% of the feather weight consists of crude keratin protein, and feathers contain 15% N. However, the keratin in waste feathers is resistant to biodegradation and may require the addition of bacterial inocula to enhance the degradation process during composting. Two keratin-degrading bacteria isolated from plumage of wild songbirds and identified as Bacillus licheneformis (OWU 1411T) and Streptomyces sp. (OWU 1441) were inoculated into poultry feather composts (1.13×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ feathers) and co-composted with poultry litter and straw in 200-l compost vessels. Composting temperatures, as well as CO₂ and NH₃ evolution, were measured in these vessels to determine the effects of inoculation on the rate and extent of poultry feather decomposition during composting. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes were used to follow changes in microbial community structure during composting. The results indicated that extensive carbon conversion occurred in both treatments (55.5 and 56.1%). The addition of the bacterial inocula did not enhance the rate of waste feather composting. The microbial community structure over time was very similar in inoculated and uninoculated waste feather composts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00253-004-1788-y |
| format | Article |
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M ; Ichida, J. M ; Keener, H. M ; Elwell, D. L ; Burtt, E. H. Jr ; Michel, F. C. Jr</creator><creatorcontrib>Tiquia, S. M ; Ichida, J. M ; Keener, H. M ; Elwell, D. L ; Burtt, E. H. Jr ; Michel, F. C. Jr</creatorcontrib><description>Composting is one of the more economical and environmentally safe methods of recycling feather waste generated by the poultry industry, since 90% of the feather weight consists of crude keratin protein, and feathers contain 15% N. However, the keratin in waste feathers is resistant to biodegradation and may require the addition of bacterial inocula to enhance the degradation process during composting. Two keratin-degrading bacteria isolated from plumage of wild songbirds and identified as Bacillus licheneformis (OWU 1411T) and Streptomyces sp. (OWU 1441) were inoculated into poultry feather composts (1.13×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ feathers) and co-composted with poultry litter and straw in 200-l compost vessels. Composting temperatures, as well as CO₂ and NH₃ evolution, were measured in these vessels to determine the effects of inoculation on the rate and extent of poultry feather decomposition during composting. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes were used to follow changes in microbial community structure during composting. The results indicated that extensive carbon conversion occurred in both treatments (55.5 and 56.1%). The addition of the bacterial inocula did not enhance the rate of waste feather composting. The microbial community structure over time was very similar in inoculated and uninoculated waste feather composts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0175-7598</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0614</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1788-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15614566</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AMBIDG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Agricultural wastes ; ammonia ; Ammonia - analysis ; Ammonia - metabolism ; Animals ; Bacillus ; Bacillus - metabolism ; Bacteria ; bacterial communities ; Biodegradation ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological treatment of sewage sludges and wastes ; Biotechnology ; carbon ; carbon dioxide ; Carbon Dioxide - analysis ; Carbon Dioxide - metabolism ; Community structure ; Composting ; Composts ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; Environment and pollution ; feathers ; Feathers - metabolism ; Feathers - microbiology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; genes ; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects ; Industrial Waste ; Keratin ; Keratins - metabolism ; Microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Poultry ; poultry industry ; poultry manure ; recycling ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; ribosomal DNA ; ribosomal RNA ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Soil Microbiology ; Songbirds ; straw ; Streptomyces ; Streptomyces - metabolism ; Temperature</subject><ispartof>Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2005-05, Vol.67 (3), p.412-419</ispartof><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c561t-15c0b23501dc160f3e3468a66ec02d863e93d8f558dda6f6f1ba3c3b14d6bc043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c561t-15c0b23501dc160f3e3468a66ec02d863e93d8f558dda6f6f1ba3c3b14d6bc043</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16748947$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15614566$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tiquia, S. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ichida, J. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keener, H. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elwell, D. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burtt, E. H. Jr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michel, F. C. Jr</creatorcontrib><title>Bacterial community profiles on feathers during composting as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA genes</title><title>Applied microbiology and biotechnology</title><addtitle>Appl Microbiol Biotechnol</addtitle><description>Composting is one of the more economical and environmentally safe methods of recycling feather waste generated by the poultry industry, since 90% of the feather weight consists of crude keratin protein, and feathers contain 15% N. However, the keratin in waste feathers is resistant to biodegradation and may require the addition of bacterial inocula to enhance the degradation process during composting. Two keratin-degrading bacteria isolated from plumage of wild songbirds and identified as Bacillus licheneformis (OWU 1411T) and Streptomyces sp. (OWU 1441) were inoculated into poultry feather composts (1.13×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ feathers) and co-composted with poultry litter and straw in 200-l compost vessels. Composting temperatures, as well as CO₂ and NH₃ evolution, were measured in these vessels to determine the effects of inoculation on the rate and extent of poultry feather decomposition during composting. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes were used to follow changes in microbial community structure during composting. The results indicated that extensive carbon conversion occurred in both treatments (55.5 and 56.1%). The addition of the bacterial inocula did not enhance the rate of waste feather composting. The microbial community structure over time was very similar in inoculated and uninoculated waste feather composts.</description><subject>Agricultural wastes</subject><subject>ammonia</subject><subject>Ammonia - analysis</subject><subject>Ammonia - metabolism</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacillus</subject><subject>Bacillus - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>bacterial communities</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biodegradation, Environmental</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological treatment of sewage sludges and wastes</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>carbon</subject><subject>carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - analysis</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Community structure</subject><subject>Composting</subject><subject>Composts</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>Environment and pollution</subject><subject>feathers</subject><subject>Feathers - metabolism</subject><subject>Feathers - microbiology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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However, the keratin in waste feathers is resistant to biodegradation and may require the addition of bacterial inocula to enhance the degradation process during composting. Two keratin-degrading bacteria isolated from plumage of wild songbirds and identified as Bacillus licheneformis (OWU 1411T) and Streptomyces sp. (OWU 1441) were inoculated into poultry feather composts (1.13×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ feathers) and co-composted with poultry litter and straw in 200-l compost vessels. Composting temperatures, as well as CO₂ and NH₃ evolution, were measured in these vessels to determine the effects of inoculation on the rate and extent of poultry feather decomposition during composting. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes were used to follow changes in microbial community structure during composting. The results indicated that extensive carbon conversion occurred in both treatments (55.5 and 56.1%). 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| ispartof | Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2005-05, Vol.67 (3), p.412-419 |
| issn | 0175-7598 1432-0614 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Agricultural wastes ammonia Ammonia - analysis Ammonia - metabolism Animals Bacillus Bacillus - metabolism Bacteria bacterial communities Biodegradation Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences Biological treatment of sewage sludges and wastes Biotechnology carbon carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Community structure Composting Composts DNA, Bacterial - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Environment and pollution feathers Feathers - metabolism Feathers - microbiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology genes Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Industrial Waste Keratin Keratins - metabolism Microbiology Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Poultry poultry industry poultry manure recycling restriction fragment length polymorphism ribosomal DNA ribosomal RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - analysis RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Soil Microbiology Songbirds straw Streptomyces Streptomyces - metabolism Temperature |
| title | Bacterial community profiles on feathers during composting as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA genes |
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