Field Evaluation of the Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment Technology
The Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment (SERB) technology was evaluated at a former dry cleaner site in Jacksonville, FL, where an area of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) contamination was identified. The SERB technology is a treatment train approach for complete site restoration, which combines an a...
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| creator | Mravik, Susan C Sillan, Randall K Wood, A. Lynn Sewell, Guy W |
| description | The Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment (SERB) technology was evaluated at a former dry cleaner site in Jacksonville, FL, where an area of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) contamination was identified. The SERB technology is a treatment train approach for complete site restoration, which combines an active in situ dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) removal technology, cosolvent extraction, with a passive enhanced in situ bioremediation technology, reductive dechlorination. During the in situ cosolvent extraction test, approximately 34 kL of 95% ethanol/5% water (v:v) was flushed through the contaminated zone, which removed approximately 60% of the estimated PCE mass. Approximately 2.72 kL of ethanol was left in the subsurface, which provided electron donor for enhancement of biological processes in the source zone and downgradient areas. Quarterly groundwater monitoring for over 3 yr showed decreasing concentrations of PCE in the source zone from initial values of 4−350 μM to less than 150 μM during the last sampling event. Initially there was little to no daughter product formation in the source zone, but after 3 yr, measured concentrations were 242 μM for cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), 13 μM for vinyl chloride, and 0.43 μM for ethene. In conjunction with the production of dissolved methane and hydrogen and the removal of sulfate, these measurements indicate that in situ biotransformations were enhanced in areas exposed to the residual ethanol. First-order rate constants calculated from concentration data for individual wells ranged from −0.63 to −2.14 yr-1 for PCE removal and from 0.88 to 2.39 yr-1 for cis-DCE formation. First-order rate constants based on the change in total mass estimated from contour plots of the groundwater concentration data were 0.75 yr-1 for cis-DCE, −0.50 yr-1 for PCE, and −0.33 yr-1 for ethanol. Although these attenuation rate constants include additional processes, such as sorption, dispersion, and advection, they provide an indication of the overall system dynamics. Evaluation of the groundwater data from the former dry cleaner site showed that cosolvent flushing systems can be designed and utilized to aid in the enhancement of biodegradation processes at DNAPL sites. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es034039q |
| format | Article |
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Lynn ; Sewell, Guy W</creator><creatorcontrib>Mravik, Susan C ; Sillan, Randall K ; Wood, A. Lynn ; Sewell, Guy W</creatorcontrib><description>The Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment (SERB) technology was evaluated at a former dry cleaner site in Jacksonville, FL, where an area of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) contamination was identified. The SERB technology is a treatment train approach for complete site restoration, which combines an active in situ dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) removal technology, cosolvent extraction, with a passive enhanced in situ bioremediation technology, reductive dechlorination. During the in situ cosolvent extraction test, approximately 34 kL of 95% ethanol/5% water (v:v) was flushed through the contaminated zone, which removed approximately 60% of the estimated PCE mass. Approximately 2.72 kL of ethanol was left in the subsurface, which provided electron donor for enhancement of biological processes in the source zone and downgradient areas. Quarterly groundwater monitoring for over 3 yr showed decreasing concentrations of PCE in the source zone from initial values of 4−350 μM to less than 150 μM during the last sampling event. Initially there was little to no daughter product formation in the source zone, but after 3 yr, measured concentrations were 242 μM for cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), 13 μM for vinyl chloride, and 0.43 μM for ethene. In conjunction with the production of dissolved methane and hydrogen and the removal of sulfate, these measurements indicate that in situ biotransformations were enhanced in areas exposed to the residual ethanol. First-order rate constants calculated from concentration data for individual wells ranged from −0.63 to −2.14 yr-1 for PCE removal and from 0.88 to 2.39 yr-1 for cis-DCE formation. First-order rate constants based on the change in total mass estimated from contour plots of the groundwater concentration data were 0.75 yr-1 for cis-DCE, −0.50 yr-1 for PCE, and −0.33 yr-1 for ethanol. Although these attenuation rate constants include additional processes, such as sorption, dispersion, and advection, they provide an indication of the overall system dynamics. Evaluation of the groundwater data from the former dry cleaner site showed that cosolvent flushing systems can be designed and utilized to aid in the enhancement of biodegradation processes at DNAPL sites.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es034039q</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14620836</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Adsorption ; Applied sciences ; Biodegradation ; Biodegradation of pollutants ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biotechnology ; Carcinogens - isolation & purification ; Chemicals ; Dissolution ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environment and pollution ; Environmental cleanup ; Ethanol ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Groundwater ; Groundwaters ; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects ; Kinetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Natural water pollution ; Pollution ; Pollution, environment geology ; Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification ; Solvent extraction processes ; Solvents ; tetrachloroethylene ; Tetrachloroethylene - isolation & purification ; Water Pollutants - isolation & purification ; Water pollution ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2003-11, Vol.37 (21), p.5040-5049</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2003 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Nov 1, 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a474t-dc2a2d601764e7676d4dd7c4ff094cf9b1227e0cc0f6ad77cada4d52875436fe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a474t-dc2a2d601764e7676d4dd7c4ff094cf9b1227e0cc0f6ad77cada4d52875436fe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es034039q$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es034039q$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15253008$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14620836$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mravik, Susan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sillan, Randall K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, A. Lynn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sewell, Guy W</creatorcontrib><title>Field Evaluation of the Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment Technology</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>The Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment (SERB) technology was evaluated at a former dry cleaner site in Jacksonville, FL, where an area of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) contamination was identified. The SERB technology is a treatment train approach for complete site restoration, which combines an active in situ dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) removal technology, cosolvent extraction, with a passive enhanced in situ bioremediation technology, reductive dechlorination. During the in situ cosolvent extraction test, approximately 34 kL of 95% ethanol/5% water (v:v) was flushed through the contaminated zone, which removed approximately 60% of the estimated PCE mass. Approximately 2.72 kL of ethanol was left in the subsurface, which provided electron donor for enhancement of biological processes in the source zone and downgradient areas. Quarterly groundwater monitoring for over 3 yr showed decreasing concentrations of PCE in the source zone from initial values of 4−350 μM to less than 150 μM during the last sampling event. Initially there was little to no daughter product formation in the source zone, but after 3 yr, measured concentrations were 242 μM for cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), 13 μM for vinyl chloride, and 0.43 μM for ethene. In conjunction with the production of dissolved methane and hydrogen and the removal of sulfate, these measurements indicate that in situ biotransformations were enhanced in areas exposed to the residual ethanol. First-order rate constants calculated from concentration data for individual wells ranged from −0.63 to −2.14 yr-1 for PCE removal and from 0.88 to 2.39 yr-1 for cis-DCE formation. First-order rate constants based on the change in total mass estimated from contour plots of the groundwater concentration data were 0.75 yr-1 for cis-DCE, −0.50 yr-1 for PCE, and −0.33 yr-1 for ethanol. Although these attenuation rate constants include additional processes, such as sorption, dispersion, and advection, they provide an indication of the overall system dynamics. Evaluation of the groundwater data from the former dry cleaner site showed that cosolvent flushing systems can be designed and utilized to aid in the enhancement of biodegradation processes at DNAPL sites.</description><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biodegradation of pollutants</subject><subject>Biodegradation, Environmental</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Carcinogens - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Chemicals</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environment and pollution</subject><subject>Environmental cleanup</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwaters</subject><subject>Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Solvent extraction processes</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>tetrachloroethylene</subject><subject>Tetrachloroethylene - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Water Pollutants - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0V1PFDEUBuDGaGRFL_wDZmKCiReDpx_Tzl4qLK6BBANLwl1z6IcMdqfQdgj8e2fdDZvoBVe96JM35z2HkPcU9ikw-sVl4AL49O4FmdCGQd20DX1JJgCU11MuL3fIm5xvAIBxaF-THSokg5bLCTk-6lyw1ewew4Cli30VfVWuXXUew73rSzV7KAnN358zlzs7YKi-dbEkh2W5AgtnrvsY4q_Ht-SVx5Ddu827Sy6OZouDeX1y-v3HwdeTGoUSpbaGIbMSqJLCKamkFdYqI7yHqTB-ekUZUw6MAS_RKmXQorANa1UjuPSO75JP69zbFO8Gl4tedtm4ELB3cch6rMbEWPtZOK6hbbloR_jxH3gTh9SPJfS4McoVk6u0z2tkUsw5Oa9vU7fE9Kgp6NUd9NMdRvthEzhcLZ3dys3iR7C3AZgNBp-wN13euoY1HGA1Wb12XS7u4ekf028tFVeNXvw812dzytmcH-p2m4smb0v8P-Afc0mp-Q</recordid><startdate>20031101</startdate><enddate>20031101</enddate><creator>Mravik, Susan C</creator><creator>Sillan, Randall K</creator><creator>Wood, A. Lynn</creator><creator>Sewell, Guy W</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20031101</creationdate><title>Field Evaluation of the Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment Technology</title><author>Mravik, Susan C ; Sillan, Randall K ; Wood, A. Lynn ; Sewell, Guy W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a474t-dc2a2d601764e7676d4dd7c4ff094cf9b1227e0cc0f6ad77cada4d52875436fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Biodegradation</topic><topic>Biodegradation of pollutants</topic><topic>Biodegradation, Environmental</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Carcinogens - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Chemicals</topic><topic>Dissolution</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Environment and pollution</topic><topic>Environmental cleanup</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Lynn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sewell, Guy W</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mravik, Susan C</au><au>Sillan, Randall K</au><au>Wood, A. Lynn</au><au>Sewell, Guy W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Field Evaluation of the Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment Technology</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2003-11-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>5040</spage><epage>5049</epage><pages>5040-5049</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>The Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment (SERB) technology was evaluated at a former dry cleaner site in Jacksonville, FL, where an area of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) contamination was identified. The SERB technology is a treatment train approach for complete site restoration, which combines an active in situ dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) removal technology, cosolvent extraction, with a passive enhanced in situ bioremediation technology, reductive dechlorination. During the in situ cosolvent extraction test, approximately 34 kL of 95% ethanol/5% water (v:v) was flushed through the contaminated zone, which removed approximately 60% of the estimated PCE mass. Approximately 2.72 kL of ethanol was left in the subsurface, which provided electron donor for enhancement of biological processes in the source zone and downgradient areas. Quarterly groundwater monitoring for over 3 yr showed decreasing concentrations of PCE in the source zone from initial values of 4−350 μM to less than 150 μM during the last sampling event. Initially there was little to no daughter product formation in the source zone, but after 3 yr, measured concentrations were 242 μM for cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), 13 μM for vinyl chloride, and 0.43 μM for ethene. In conjunction with the production of dissolved methane and hydrogen and the removal of sulfate, these measurements indicate that in situ biotransformations were enhanced in areas exposed to the residual ethanol. First-order rate constants calculated from concentration data for individual wells ranged from −0.63 to −2.14 yr-1 for PCE removal and from 0.88 to 2.39 yr-1 for cis-DCE formation. First-order rate constants based on the change in total mass estimated from contour plots of the groundwater concentration data were 0.75 yr-1 for cis-DCE, −0.50 yr-1 for PCE, and −0.33 yr-1 for ethanol. Although these attenuation rate constants include additional processes, such as sorption, dispersion, and advection, they provide an indication of the overall system dynamics. Evaluation of the groundwater data from the former dry cleaner site showed that cosolvent flushing systems can be designed and utilized to aid in the enhancement of biodegradation processes at DNAPL sites.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>14620836</pmid><doi>10.1021/es034039q</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adsorption Applied sciences Biodegradation Biodegradation of pollutants Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Carcinogens - isolation & purification Chemicals Dissolution Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environment and pollution Environmental cleanup Ethanol Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Groundwater Groundwaters Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Kinetics Models, Theoretical Natural water pollution Pollution Pollution, environment geology Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification Solvent extraction processes Solvents tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene - isolation & purification Water Pollutants - isolation & purification Water pollution Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Field Evaluation of the Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment Technology |
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