The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial
Purpose: We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake. Design: This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square par...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of health promotion 2019-03, Vol.33 (3), p.430-438 |
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| creator | Njike, Valentine Y. Costales, Victoria C. Petraro, Paul Annam, Rachel Yarandi, Niloufarsadat Katz, David L. |
| description | Purpose:
We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake.
Design:
This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design trial with 2 treatment arms. Participants were randomized to walnut intake with, or without, dietary advice to regulate caloric intake. Within each treatment arm, they were further randomized to one of 2 sequence permutations (walnut-included/walnut-excluded or walnut-excluded/walnut-included diet), with a 3-month washout between treatment phases.
Setting:
Community hospital in Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut.
Participants:
Cohort of 112 participants (31 men and 81 women) at risk for T2DM.
Intervention:
Participants included 56 g (366 kcal) of walnuts in their daily diets for 6 months.
Measures:
Nutrient intake was assessed using web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment.
Analysis:
Data were analyzed using generalized linear models.
Results:
Walnut inclusion led to increased intake of total fat, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, total saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (379.0 ± 90.3 g vs −136.5 ± 92.7 g, P < .01; 230.7 ± 114.2 mg vs −95.2 ± 117.4 mg, P = .05; 111.0 ± 33.9 mg vs −32.3 ± 34.9 mg, P < .01; 0.28 ± 0.2 mg vs −0.47 ± 0.2 mg, P = .02; 8.6 ± 3.4 g vs −1.1 ± 3.5 g, P =.05; 6.3 ± 3.9 g vs −6.3 ± 4.0 g, P = .03; and 25.4 ± 4.0 vs −6.6 ± 4.2 g, P < .01, respectively). Vitamin C intake decreased (−65.3 ± 55.3 mg vs 98.9 ± 56.8 mg, P = .04). Protein intake increased from baseline with the inclusion of walnuts (20.0 ± 8.8 g, P < .05). Walnut inclusion led to an increase in total calories consumed when caloric intake is not regulated.
Conclusion:
Including walnuts in the diets of these adults led to increased dietary intake of some nutrients associated with lower risk of developing T2DM and other cardiometabolic risk factors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0890117118791120 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2082093851</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_0890117118791120</sage_id><sourcerecordid>2195915395</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-5b62add651b1f369f4e899e2787639177c4e76b917f04caed9d71e246f5a26073</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU9v3CAQxVHUKtmmuedUIfXSQ90weMGmt9X230pRK622zdHC9jghYWELuFL6gfo5i7tJI0XKiYH3e4-BIeQU2DuAqjpjtWK5AKgrBcDZAZlxkHUhJePPyGySi0k_Ii9ivGaMC2DskByVjMmag5iRP5srpGuMo03GXdIfOhidjHfUOPp1TMGgS3Tlkr5BemHSFU2ZX7nOjnGi_EAvtHVjipNh0j4YzJt8vuhzZqQ60bWJN3TwgW5ud0h5RnSLCeN7uqBr7Xq_Nb-xf0uX3qXgrf1XBx-j_4XZlDuyL8nzQduIJ3frMfn-6eNm-aU4__Z5tVycF10pRSpEK7nueymghaGUaphjrRTyqq5kqfKPdXOsZJurgc07jb3qK0A-l4PQXLKqPCZv9rm74H-OGFOzNbFDa7VDP8aGs5ozVdYCMvr6EXrtx-Bydw0HJRSIUolMsT3VTQ8KODS7YLY63DbAmmmGzeMZZsuru-Cx3WL_33A_tAwUeyDqS3y49cnAvyKWosg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2195915395</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Journals Online</source><creator>Njike, Valentine Y. ; Costales, Victoria C. ; Petraro, Paul ; Annam, Rachel ; Yarandi, Niloufarsadat ; Katz, David L.</creator><creatorcontrib>Njike, Valentine Y. ; Costales, Victoria C. ; Petraro, Paul ; Annam, Rachel ; Yarandi, Niloufarsadat ; Katz, David L.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose:
We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake.
Design:
This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design trial with 2 treatment arms. Participants were randomized to walnut intake with, or without, dietary advice to regulate caloric intake. Within each treatment arm, they were further randomized to one of 2 sequence permutations (walnut-included/walnut-excluded or walnut-excluded/walnut-included diet), with a 3-month washout between treatment phases.
Setting:
Community hospital in Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut.
Participants:
Cohort of 112 participants (31 men and 81 women) at risk for T2DM.
Intervention:
Participants included 56 g (366 kcal) of walnuts in their daily diets for 6 months.
Measures:
Nutrient intake was assessed using web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment.
Analysis:
Data were analyzed using generalized linear models.
Results:
Walnut inclusion led to increased intake of total fat, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, total saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (379.0 ± 90.3 g vs −136.5 ± 92.7 g, P < .01; 230.7 ± 114.2 mg vs −95.2 ± 117.4 mg, P = .05; 111.0 ± 33.9 mg vs −32.3 ± 34.9 mg, P < .01; 0.28 ± 0.2 mg vs −0.47 ± 0.2 mg, P = .02; 8.6 ± 3.4 g vs −1.1 ± 3.5 g, P =.05; 6.3 ± 3.9 g vs −6.3 ± 4.0 g, P = .03; and 25.4 ± 4.0 vs −6.6 ± 4.2 g, P < .01, respectively). Vitamin C intake decreased (−65.3 ± 55.3 mg vs 98.9 ± 56.8 mg, P = .04). Protein intake increased from baseline with the inclusion of walnuts (20.0 ± 8.8 g, P < .05). Walnut inclusion led to an increase in total calories consumed when caloric intake is not regulated.
Conclusion:
Including walnuts in the diets of these adults led to increased dietary intake of some nutrients associated with lower risk of developing T2DM and other cardiometabolic risk factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0890-1171</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-6602</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0890117118791120</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30068215</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Aged ; At risk populations ; Body fat ; Calcium ; Caloric intake ; Community hospitals ; Connecticut ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Fatty acids ; Female ; Generalized linear models ; Health promotion ; Health technology assessment ; Humans ; Internet ; Linear analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrients ; Nuts ; Permutations ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Risk factors ; Type 2 diabetes mellitus ; Vitamin C</subject><ispartof>American journal of health promotion, 2019-03, Vol.33 (3), p.430-438</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-5b62add651b1f369f4e899e2787639177c4e76b917f04caed9d71e246f5a26073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-5b62add651b1f369f4e899e2787639177c4e76b917f04caed9d71e246f5a26073</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3147-4538</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0890117118791120$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0890117118791120$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,21817,27922,27923,30997,43619,43620</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30068215$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Njike, Valentine Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costales, Victoria C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petraro, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annam, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yarandi, Niloufarsadat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katz, David L.</creatorcontrib><title>The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial</title><title>American journal of health promotion</title><addtitle>Am J Health Promot</addtitle><description>Purpose:
We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake.
Design:
This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design trial with 2 treatment arms. Participants were randomized to walnut intake with, or without, dietary advice to regulate caloric intake. Within each treatment arm, they were further randomized to one of 2 sequence permutations (walnut-included/walnut-excluded or walnut-excluded/walnut-included diet), with a 3-month washout between treatment phases.
Setting:
Community hospital in Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut.
Participants:
Cohort of 112 participants (31 men and 81 women) at risk for T2DM.
Intervention:
Participants included 56 g (366 kcal) of walnuts in their daily diets for 6 months.
Measures:
Nutrient intake was assessed using web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment.
Analysis:
Data were analyzed using generalized linear models.
Results:
Walnut inclusion led to increased intake of total fat, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, total saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (379.0 ± 90.3 g vs −136.5 ± 92.7 g, P < .01; 230.7 ± 114.2 mg vs −95.2 ± 117.4 mg, P = .05; 111.0 ± 33.9 mg vs −32.3 ± 34.9 mg, P < .01; 0.28 ± 0.2 mg vs −0.47 ± 0.2 mg, P = .02; 8.6 ± 3.4 g vs −1.1 ± 3.5 g, P =.05; 6.3 ± 3.9 g vs −6.3 ± 4.0 g, P = .03; and 25.4 ± 4.0 vs −6.6 ± 4.2 g, P < .01, respectively). Vitamin C intake decreased (−65.3 ± 55.3 mg vs 98.9 ± 56.8 mg, P = .04). Protein intake increased from baseline with the inclusion of walnuts (20.0 ± 8.8 g, P < .05). Walnut inclusion led to an increase in total calories consumed when caloric intake is not regulated.
Conclusion:
Including walnuts in the diets of these adults led to increased dietary intake of some nutrients associated with lower risk of developing T2DM and other cardiometabolic risk factors.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>At risk populations</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Caloric intake</subject><subject>Community hospitals</subject><subject>Connecticut</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Energy Intake</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Generalized linear models</subject><subject>Health promotion</subject><subject>Health technology assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internet</subject><subject>Linear analysis</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Nuts</subject><subject>Permutations</subject><subject>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Type 2 diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Vitamin C</subject><issn>0890-1171</issn><issn>2168-6602</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU9v3CAQxVHUKtmmuedUIfXSQ90weMGmt9X230pRK622zdHC9jghYWELuFL6gfo5i7tJI0XKiYH3e4-BIeQU2DuAqjpjtWK5AKgrBcDZAZlxkHUhJePPyGySi0k_Ii9ivGaMC2DskByVjMmag5iRP5srpGuMo03GXdIfOhidjHfUOPp1TMGgS3Tlkr5BemHSFU2ZX7nOjnGi_EAvtHVjipNh0j4YzJt8vuhzZqQ60bWJN3TwgW5ud0h5RnSLCeN7uqBr7Xq_Nb-xf0uX3qXgrf1XBx-j_4XZlDuyL8nzQduIJ3frMfn-6eNm-aU4__Z5tVycF10pRSpEK7nueymghaGUaphjrRTyqq5kqfKPdXOsZJurgc07jb3qK0A-l4PQXLKqPCZv9rm74H-OGFOzNbFDa7VDP8aGs5ozVdYCMvr6EXrtx-Bydw0HJRSIUolMsT3VTQ8KODS7YLY63DbAmmmGzeMZZsuru-Cx3WL_33A_tAwUeyDqS3y49cnAvyKWosg</recordid><startdate>201903</startdate><enddate>201903</enddate><creator>Njike, Valentine Y.</creator><creator>Costales, Victoria C.</creator><creator>Petraro, Paul</creator><creator>Annam, Rachel</creator><creator>Yarandi, Niloufarsadat</creator><creator>Katz, David L.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>American Journal of Health Promotion</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3147-4538</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201903</creationdate><title>The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial</title><author>Njike, Valentine Y. ; Costales, Victoria C. ; Petraro, Paul ; Annam, Rachel ; Yarandi, Niloufarsadat ; Katz, David L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-5b62add651b1f369f4e899e2787639177c4e76b917f04caed9d71e246f5a26073</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>At risk populations</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Caloric intake</topic><topic>Community hospitals</topic><topic>Connecticut</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Energy Intake</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Generalized linear models</topic><topic>Health promotion</topic><topic>Health technology assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internet</topic><topic>Linear analysis</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Nuts</topic><topic>Permutations</topic><topic>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Type 2 diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Vitamin C</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Njike, Valentine Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costales, Victoria C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petraro, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annam, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yarandi, Niloufarsadat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katz, David L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of health promotion</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Njike, Valentine Y.</au><au>Costales, Victoria C.</au><au>Petraro, Paul</au><au>Annam, Rachel</au><au>Yarandi, Niloufarsadat</au><au>Katz, David L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial</atitle><jtitle>American journal of health promotion</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Health Promot</addtitle><date>2019-03</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>430</spage><epage>438</epage><pages>430-438</pages><issn>0890-1171</issn><eissn>2168-6602</eissn><abstract>Purpose:
We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake.
Design:
This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design trial with 2 treatment arms. Participants were randomized to walnut intake with, or without, dietary advice to regulate caloric intake. Within each treatment arm, they were further randomized to one of 2 sequence permutations (walnut-included/walnut-excluded or walnut-excluded/walnut-included diet), with a 3-month washout between treatment phases.
Setting:
Community hospital in Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut.
Participants:
Cohort of 112 participants (31 men and 81 women) at risk for T2DM.
Intervention:
Participants included 56 g (366 kcal) of walnuts in their daily diets for 6 months.
Measures:
Nutrient intake was assessed using web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment.
Analysis:
Data were analyzed using generalized linear models.
Results:
Walnut inclusion led to increased intake of total fat, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, total saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (379.0 ± 90.3 g vs −136.5 ± 92.7 g, P < .01; 230.7 ± 114.2 mg vs −95.2 ± 117.4 mg, P = .05; 111.0 ± 33.9 mg vs −32.3 ± 34.9 mg, P < .01; 0.28 ± 0.2 mg vs −0.47 ± 0.2 mg, P = .02; 8.6 ± 3.4 g vs −1.1 ± 3.5 g, P =.05; 6.3 ± 3.9 g vs −6.3 ± 4.0 g, P = .03; and 25.4 ± 4.0 vs −6.6 ± 4.2 g, P < .01, respectively). Vitamin C intake decreased (−65.3 ± 55.3 mg vs 98.9 ± 56.8 mg, P = .04). Protein intake increased from baseline with the inclusion of walnuts (20.0 ± 8.8 g, P < .05). Walnut inclusion led to an increase in total calories consumed when caloric intake is not regulated.
Conclusion:
Including walnuts in the diets of these adults led to increased dietary intake of some nutrients associated with lower risk of developing T2DM and other cardiometabolic risk factors.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>30068215</pmid><doi>10.1177/0890117118791120</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3147-4538</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | American journal of health promotion, 2019-03, Vol.33 (3), p.430-438 |
| issn | 0890-1171 2168-6602 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; SAGE Journals Online |
| subjects | Adult Adults Aged At risk populations Body fat Calcium Caloric intake Community hospitals Connecticut Cross-Over Studies Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diet Energy Intake Fatty acids Female Generalized linear models Health promotion Health technology assessment Humans Internet Linear analysis Male Middle Aged Nutrients Nuts Permutations Polyunsaturated fatty acids Risk factors Type 2 diabetes mellitus Vitamin C |
| title | The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial |
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