Bioremediation of Atrazine-Contaminated Soil by Forage Grasses: Transformation, Uptake, and Detoxification
A sound multi-species vegetation buffer design should incorporate the species that facilitate rapid degradation and sequestration of deposited herbicides in the buffer. A field lysimeter study with six different ground covers (bare ground, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, smooth bromegrass, and s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental quality 2008-01, Vol.37 (1), p.196-206 |
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| creator | Lin, C.H Lerch, R.N Garrett, H.E George, M.F |
| description | A sound multi-species vegetation buffer design should incorporate the species that facilitate rapid degradation and sequestration of deposited herbicides in the buffer. A field lysimeter study with six different ground covers (bare ground, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, smooth bromegrass, and switchgrass) was established to assess the bioremediation capacity of five forage species to enhance atrazine (ATR) dissipation in the environment via plant uptake and degradation and detoxification in the rhizosphere. Results suggested that the majority of the applied ATR remained in the soil and only a relatively small fraction of herbicide leached to leachates ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2134/jeq2006.0503 |
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A field lysimeter study with six different ground covers (bare ground, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, smooth bromegrass, and switchgrass) was established to assess the bioremediation capacity of five forage species to enhance atrazine (ATR) dissipation in the environment via plant uptake and degradation and detoxification in the rhizosphere. Results suggested that the majority of the applied ATR remained in the soil and only a relatively small fraction of herbicide leached to leachates (<15%) or was taken up by plants (<4%). Biological degradation or chemical hydroxylation of soil ATR was enhanced by 20 to 45% in forage treatment compared with the control. Of the ATR residues remaining in soil, switchgrass degraded more than 80% to less toxic metabolites, with 47% of these residues converted to the less mobile hydroxylated metabolites 25 d after application. The strong correlation between the degradation of N-dealkylated ATR metabolites and the increased microbial biomass carbon in forage treatments suggested that enhanced biological degradation in the rhizosphere was facilitated by the forages. Hydroxylated ATR degradation products were the predominant ATR metabolites in the tissues of switchgrass and tall fescue. In contrast, the N-dealkylated metabolites were the major degradation products found in the other cool-season species. The difference in metabolite patterns between the warm- and cool-season species demonstrated their contrasting detoxification mechanisms, which also related to their tolerance to ATR exposure. Based on this study, switchgrass is recommended for use in riparian buffers designed to reduce ATR toxicity and mobility due to its high tolerance and strong degradation capacity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0047-2425</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1537-2537</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-2537</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0503</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18178893</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEVQAA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Madison: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society</publisher><subject>Atrazine ; Atrazine - analysis ; Atrazine - metabolism ; Atrazine - toxicity ; bioaccumulation ; Biodegradation ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Bioremediation ; Corn ; Degradation products ; Detoxification ; field experimentation ; Field study ; forage grasses ; Grasses ; Ground cover ; herbicide residues ; herbicide resistance ; Herbicides ; Herbicides - analysis ; Herbicides - metabolism ; Herbicides - toxicity ; Hydroxylation ; Leachates ; leaching ; metabolic detoxification ; Metabolites ; phytotoxicity ; Plant Leaves - drug effects ; Plant Leaves - growth & development ; Plant Leaves - metabolism ; Plant Transpiration ; Poaceae - drug effects ; Poaceae - growth & development ; Poaceae - metabolism ; polluted soils ; Rhizosphere ; Riparian buffers ; Runoff ; Soil contamination ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil Pollutants - metabolism ; Soil Pollutants - toxicity ; soil pollution ; Soils</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental quality, 2008-01, Vol.37 (1), p.196-206</ispartof><rights>American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Agronomy Jan/Feb 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5073-2d48b2d9253aed07c4e0275ddff4d610d974aeee6af7534dec3c75ce2a723fe63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5073-2d48b2d9253aed07c4e0275ddff4d610d974aeee6af7534dec3c75ce2a723fe63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2134%2Fjeq2006.0503$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2134%2Fjeq2006.0503$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18178893$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, C.H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lerch, R.N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garrett, H.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>George, M.F</creatorcontrib><title>Bioremediation of Atrazine-Contaminated Soil by Forage Grasses: Transformation, Uptake, and Detoxification</title><title>Journal of environmental quality</title><addtitle>J Environ Qual</addtitle><description>A sound multi-species vegetation buffer design should incorporate the species that facilitate rapid degradation and sequestration of deposited herbicides in the buffer. A field lysimeter study with six different ground covers (bare ground, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, smooth bromegrass, and switchgrass) was established to assess the bioremediation capacity of five forage species to enhance atrazine (ATR) dissipation in the environment via plant uptake and degradation and detoxification in the rhizosphere. Results suggested that the majority of the applied ATR remained in the soil and only a relatively small fraction of herbicide leached to leachates (<15%) or was taken up by plants (<4%). Biological degradation or chemical hydroxylation of soil ATR was enhanced by 20 to 45% in forage treatment compared with the control. Of the ATR residues remaining in soil, switchgrass degraded more than 80% to less toxic metabolites, with 47% of these residues converted to the less mobile hydroxylated metabolites 25 d after application. The strong correlation between the degradation of N-dealkylated ATR metabolites and the increased microbial biomass carbon in forage treatments suggested that enhanced biological degradation in the rhizosphere was facilitated by the forages. Hydroxylated ATR degradation products were the predominant ATR metabolites in the tissues of switchgrass and tall fescue. In contrast, the N-dealkylated metabolites were the major degradation products found in the other cool-season species. The difference in metabolite patterns between the warm- and cool-season species demonstrated their contrasting detoxification mechanisms, which also related to their tolerance to ATR exposure. Based on this study, switchgrass is recommended for use in riparian buffers designed to reduce ATR toxicity and mobility due to its high tolerance and strong degradation capacity.</description><subject>Atrazine</subject><subject>Atrazine - analysis</subject><subject>Atrazine - metabolism</subject><subject>Atrazine - toxicity</subject><subject>bioaccumulation</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biodegradation, Environmental</subject><subject>Bioremediation</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Degradation products</subject><subject>Detoxification</subject><subject>field experimentation</subject><subject>Field study</subject><subject>forage grasses</subject><subject>Grasses</subject><subject>Ground cover</subject><subject>herbicide residues</subject><subject>herbicide resistance</subject><subject>Herbicides</subject><subject>Herbicides - analysis</subject><subject>Herbicides - metabolism</subject><subject>Herbicides - toxicity</subject><subject>Hydroxylation</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>leaching</subject><subject>metabolic detoxification</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>phytotoxicity</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - drug effects</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - growth & development</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Transpiration</subject><subject>Poaceae - drug effects</subject><subject>Poaceae - growth & development</subject><subject>Poaceae - metabolism</subject><subject>polluted soils</subject><subject>Rhizosphere</subject><subject>Riparian buffers</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Soil Microbiology</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - metabolism</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>soil pollution</subject><subject>Soils</subject><issn>0047-2425</issn><issn>1537-2537</issn><issn>1537-2537</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi1ERZfCjTNYHDhtyvgjccKtXfoBqoRQu2fLG48rL0m8tbMqy6_H242ExAEOHo9mnnmlmZeQNwxOORPy4xofOEB1CiWIZ2TGSqEKnsNzMgOQOZe8PCYvU1oDMA6qekGOWc1UXTdiRtbnPkTs0Xoz-jDQ4OjZGM0vP2CxCMNoej-YES29Db6jqx29DNHcI72KJiVMn-hdNENyIfZP83O63IzmB86pGSz9jGP46Z1vn3qvyJEzXcLX039ClpcXd4vr4ubb1ZfF2U1hSlCi4FbWK26bvINBC6qVCFyV1jonbcXANkoaRKyMU6WQFlvRqrJFbhQXDitxQj4cdDcxPGwxjbr3qcWuMwOGbdIcaiZB1P8FmaxFvqDM4Pu_wHXYxiEvoVmjRCOqag_ND1AbQ0oRnd5E35u40wz03ik9OaX3TmX87aS5XeXz_4EnazLQHIBH3-Hun2L668V3vn-5MIm_O8w6E7S5jz7p5S0HJgBq2Yic_Ab2Nakw</recordid><startdate>200801</startdate><enddate>200801</enddate><creator>Lin, C.H</creator><creator>Lerch, R.N</creator><creator>Garrett, H.E</creator><creator>George, M.F</creator><general>American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society</general><general>American Society of Agronomy</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200801</creationdate><title>Bioremediation of Atrazine-Contaminated Soil by Forage Grasses: Transformation, Uptake, and Detoxification</title><author>Lin, C.H ; Lerch, R.N ; Garrett, H.E ; George, M.F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a5073-2d48b2d9253aed07c4e0275ddff4d610d974aeee6af7534dec3c75ce2a723fe63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Atrazine</topic><topic>Atrazine - analysis</topic><topic>Atrazine - metabolism</topic><topic>Atrazine - toxicity</topic><topic>bioaccumulation</topic><topic>Biodegradation</topic><topic>Biodegradation, Environmental</topic><topic>Bioremediation</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Degradation products</topic><topic>Detoxification</topic><topic>field experimentation</topic><topic>Field study</topic><topic>forage grasses</topic><topic>Grasses</topic><topic>Ground cover</topic><topic>herbicide residues</topic><topic>herbicide resistance</topic><topic>Herbicides</topic><topic>Herbicides - analysis</topic><topic>Herbicides - metabolism</topic><topic>Herbicides - toxicity</topic><topic>Hydroxylation</topic><topic>Leachates</topic><topic>leaching</topic><topic>metabolic detoxification</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>phytotoxicity</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - drug effects</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - growth & development</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - metabolism</topic><topic>Plant Transpiration</topic><topic>Poaceae - drug effects</topic><topic>Poaceae - 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A field lysimeter study with six different ground covers (bare ground, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, smooth bromegrass, and switchgrass) was established to assess the bioremediation capacity of five forage species to enhance atrazine (ATR) dissipation in the environment via plant uptake and degradation and detoxification in the rhizosphere. Results suggested that the majority of the applied ATR remained in the soil and only a relatively small fraction of herbicide leached to leachates (<15%) or was taken up by plants (<4%). Biological degradation or chemical hydroxylation of soil ATR was enhanced by 20 to 45% in forage treatment compared with the control. Of the ATR residues remaining in soil, switchgrass degraded more than 80% to less toxic metabolites, with 47% of these residues converted to the less mobile hydroxylated metabolites 25 d after application. The strong correlation between the degradation of N-dealkylated ATR metabolites and the increased microbial biomass carbon in forage treatments suggested that enhanced biological degradation in the rhizosphere was facilitated by the forages. Hydroxylated ATR degradation products were the predominant ATR metabolites in the tissues of switchgrass and tall fescue. In contrast, the N-dealkylated metabolites were the major degradation products found in the other cool-season species. The difference in metabolite patterns between the warm- and cool-season species demonstrated their contrasting detoxification mechanisms, which also related to their tolerance to ATR exposure. Based on this study, switchgrass is recommended for use in riparian buffers designed to reduce ATR toxicity and mobility due to its high tolerance and strong degradation capacity.</abstract><cop>Madison</cop><pub>American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society</pub><pmid>18178893</pmid><doi>10.2134/jeq2006.0503</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atrazine Atrazine - analysis Atrazine - metabolism Atrazine - toxicity bioaccumulation Biodegradation Biodegradation, Environmental Bioremediation Corn Degradation products Detoxification field experimentation Field study forage grasses Grasses Ground cover herbicide residues herbicide resistance Herbicides Herbicides - analysis Herbicides - metabolism Herbicides - toxicity Hydroxylation Leachates leaching metabolic detoxification Metabolites phytotoxicity Plant Leaves - drug effects Plant Leaves - growth & development Plant Leaves - metabolism Plant Transpiration Poaceae - drug effects Poaceae - growth & development Poaceae - metabolism polluted soils Rhizosphere Riparian buffers Runoff Soil contamination Soil Microbiology Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil Pollutants - metabolism Soil Pollutants - toxicity soil pollution Soils |
| title | Bioremediation of Atrazine-Contaminated Soil by Forage Grasses: Transformation, Uptake, and Detoxification |
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