Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal

Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of clinical virology 2009-10, Vol.46 (2), p.169-172
Hauptverfasser: Pereira-Vaz, João, Duque, Vitor, Trindade, Luís, Saraiva-da-Cunha, José, Meliço-Silvestre, António
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container_end_page 172
container_issue 2
container_start_page 169
container_title Journal of clinical virology
container_volume 46
creator Pereira-Vaz, João
Duque, Vitor
Trindade, Luís
Saraiva-da-Cunha, José
Meliço-Silvestre, António
description Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019
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Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1386-6532</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5967</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19625212</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Allergy and Immunology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - virology ; HIV Protease - genetics ; HIV-1 ; HIV-1 - enzymology ; HIV-1 - genetics ; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Infectious Disease ; Infectious diseases ; Insertion ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics ; Phylogeny ; Portugal - epidemiology ; Protease ; Subtype C ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids ; Virology</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical virology, 2009-10, Vol.46 (2), p.169-172</ispartof><rights>Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2009 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-aad56c75de681e2ea6ae99c932eae975fc65dbe66ed5d6b3295acec58f1108093</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-aad56c75de681e2ea6ae99c932eae975fc65dbe66ed5d6b3295acec58f1108093</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=21970403$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625212$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pereira-Vaz, João</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duque, Vitor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trindade, Luís</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meliço-Silvestre, António</creatorcontrib><title>Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal</title><title>Journal of clinical virology</title><addtitle>J Clin Virol</addtitle><description>Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years.</description><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - virology</subject><subject>HIV Protease - genetics</subject><subject>HIV-1</subject><subject>HIV-1 - enzymology</subject><subject>HIV-1 - genetics</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus 1</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Insertion</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Portugal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Protease</subject><subject>Subtype C</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</subject><subject>Virology</subject><issn>1386-6532</issn><issn>1873-5967</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ksuKFDEUhgtRnHH0AdxINrqrMpdOqoIgSHuZgQHF2zakk1NjyqqkTVIN_Tg-gQ_hi5myCwUXrnII33_Oyf-nqh4S3BBMxNOhGcyhoRjLBosGE3mrOiddy2ouRXu71KwTteCMnlX3UhowJpxt2rvVGZGCckroefX9JWQw2QWPQo_yF0D7GDLoBMgEW24ZR3pyPiBtnEXOJ4i_aedRgm8zeAMJ9TFMKEfQeQKfa69__jgAurz6XBOU5l0-7gFti6Qvo2DpYt3B2VmPaemzTN0WXdQjeg836y7vQszzjR7vV3f6AsKD9byoPr1-9XF7WV-_fXO1fXFdm43ocq215cK03ILoCFDQQoOURrJSgmx5bwS3OxACLLdix6jk2oDhXU8I7rBkF9WTU99iQHlXympyycA4ag9hToriVnZCdgUkJ9DEkFKEXu2jm3Q8KoLVkosaVMlFLbkoLFTJpWgerc3n3QT2r2INogCPV0Ano8c-am9c-sNRIlu8waxwz04cFCsODqJKxi0hWBeLucoG9981nv-jNqPzrgz8CkdIQ5ijLx4rohJVWH1YPtDyf7DEmMpNy34B4b7DQw</recordid><startdate>20091001</startdate><enddate>20091001</enddate><creator>Pereira-Vaz, João</creator><creator>Duque, Vitor</creator><creator>Trindade, Luís</creator><creator>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</creator><creator>Meliço-Silvestre, António</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091001</creationdate><title>Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal</title><author>Pereira-Vaz, João ; Duque, Vitor ; Trindade, Luís ; Saraiva-da-Cunha, José ; Meliço-Silvestre, António</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-aad56c75de681e2ea6ae99c932eae975fc65dbe66ed5d6b3295acec58f1108093</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - virology</topic><topic>HIV Protease - genetics</topic><topic>HIV-1</topic><topic>HIV-1 - enzymology</topic><topic>HIV-1 - genetics</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus 1</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Insertion</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Portugal - epidemiology</topic><topic>Protease</topic><topic>Subtype C</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</topic><topic>Virology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pereira-Vaz, João</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duque, Vitor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trindade, Luís</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meliço-Silvestre, António</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of clinical virology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pereira-Vaz, João</au><au>Duque, Vitor</au><au>Trindade, Luís</au><au>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</au><au>Meliço-Silvestre, António</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal</atitle><jtitle>Journal of clinical virology</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Virol</addtitle><date>2009-10-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>169</spage><epage>172</epage><pages>169-172</pages><issn>1386-6532</issn><eissn>1873-5967</eissn><abstract>Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>19625212</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Allergy and Immunology
Biological and medical sciences
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
HIV Infections - epidemiology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV Protease - genetics
HIV-1
HIV-1 - enzymology
HIV-1 - genetics
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases
Insertion
Male
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics
Phylogeny
Portugal - epidemiology
Protease
Subtype C
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
Virology
title Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal
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