Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal
Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the...
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description | Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019 |
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Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1386-6532</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5967</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19625212</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Allergy and Immunology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - virology ; HIV Protease - genetics ; HIV-1 ; HIV-1 - enzymology ; HIV-1 - genetics ; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Infectious Disease ; Infectious diseases ; Insertion ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics ; Phylogeny ; Portugal - epidemiology ; Protease ; Subtype C ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids ; Virology</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical virology, 2009-10, Vol.46 (2), p.169-172</ispartof><rights>Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2009 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-aad56c75de681e2ea6ae99c932eae975fc65dbe66ed5d6b3295acec58f1108093</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-aad56c75de681e2ea6ae99c932eae975fc65dbe66ed5d6b3295acec58f1108093</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21970403$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625212$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pereira-Vaz, João</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duque, Vitor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trindade, Luís</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meliço-Silvestre, António</creatorcontrib><title>Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal</title><title>Journal of clinical virology</title><addtitle>J Clin Virol</addtitle><description>Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years.</description><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - virology</subject><subject>HIV Protease - genetics</subject><subject>HIV-1</subject><subject>HIV-1 - enzymology</subject><subject>HIV-1 - genetics</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus 1</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Insertion</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Portugal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Protease</subject><subject>Subtype C</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</subject><subject>Virology</subject><issn>1386-6532</issn><issn>1873-5967</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ksuKFDEUhgtRnHH0AdxINrqrMpdOqoIgSHuZgQHF2zakk1NjyqqkTVIN_Tg-gQ_hi5myCwUXrnII33_Oyf-nqh4S3BBMxNOhGcyhoRjLBosGE3mrOiddy2ouRXu71KwTteCMnlX3UhowJpxt2rvVGZGCckroefX9JWQw2QWPQo_yF0D7GDLoBMgEW24ZR3pyPiBtnEXOJ4i_aedRgm8zeAMJ9TFMKEfQeQKfa69__jgAurz6XBOU5l0-7gFti6Qvo2DpYt3B2VmPaemzTN0WXdQjeg836y7vQszzjR7vV3f6AsKD9byoPr1-9XF7WV-_fXO1fXFdm43ocq215cK03ILoCFDQQoOURrJSgmx5bwS3OxACLLdix6jk2oDhXU8I7rBkF9WTU99iQHlXympyycA4ag9hToriVnZCdgUkJ9DEkFKEXu2jm3Q8KoLVkosaVMlFLbkoLFTJpWgerc3n3QT2r2INogCPV0Ano8c-am9c-sNRIlu8waxwz04cFCsODqJKxi0hWBeLucoG9981nv-jNqPzrgz8CkdIQ5ijLx4rohJVWH1YPtDyf7DEmMpNy34B4b7DQw</recordid><startdate>20091001</startdate><enddate>20091001</enddate><creator>Pereira-Vaz, João</creator><creator>Duque, Vitor</creator><creator>Trindade, Luís</creator><creator>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</creator><creator>Meliço-Silvestre, António</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091001</creationdate><title>Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal</title><author>Pereira-Vaz, João ; Duque, Vitor ; Trindade, Luís ; Saraiva-da-Cunha, José ; Meliço-Silvestre, António</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-aad56c75de681e2ea6ae99c932eae975fc65dbe66ed5d6b3295acec58f1108093</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - virology</topic><topic>HIV Protease - genetics</topic><topic>HIV-1</topic><topic>HIV-1 - enzymology</topic><topic>HIV-1 - genetics</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus 1</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Insertion</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Portugal - epidemiology</topic><topic>Protease</topic><topic>Subtype C</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</topic><topic>Virology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pereira-Vaz, João</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duque, Vitor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trindade, Luís</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meliço-Silvestre, António</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of clinical virology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pereira-Vaz, João</au><au>Duque, Vitor</au><au>Trindade, Luís</au><au>Saraiva-da-Cunha, José</au><au>Meliço-Silvestre, António</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal</atitle><jtitle>Journal of clinical virology</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Virol</addtitle><date>2009-10-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>169</spage><epage>172</epage><pages>169-172</pages><issn>1386-6532</issn><eissn>1873-5967</eissn><abstract>Abstract Background Amino acids insertions in the protease (PR) coding region have been reported in protease inhibitors (PIs) treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-1 infected individuals ranging from 0.1% to 4.55% and have been rarely found in non-B HIV-1 subtype strains. Objectives To investigate the presence of amino acid insertions in the PR coding region in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal. Study design Sequences of the pol gene from 260 treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results A threonine insertion (E35E_T) was detected in 2.69% ( n = 7) of the sequences analyzed and all the sequences that possessed this insertion were identified as subtype C. All the seven inserted sequences clustered in the same lineage of the phylogenetic tree. Heterosexual and intravenous drug use were found to be the routes of infection. No major mutations in the PR coding region associated with resistance to PIs were detected. Conclusions It was found the highest prevalence of PR codon 35 insertion among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals ever reported in the western countries. Epidemiological data and Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of transmission of this insertion. The results suggested that these inserted strains have normal susceptibility to PIs containing regimens. This study demonstrated the spreading epidemic of PR codon 35 inserted strains from subtype C in the Central Region of Portugal, during the past eight years.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>19625212</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.019</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Allergy and Immunology Biological and medical sciences Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - virology HIV Protease - genetics HIV-1 HIV-1 - enzymology HIV-1 - genetics Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human viral diseases Humans Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Insertion Male Medical sciences Microbiology Miscellaneous Mutagenesis, Insertional - genetics Phylogeny Portugal - epidemiology Protease Subtype C Viral diseases Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids Virology |
title | Detection of the protease codon 35 amino acid insertion in sequences from treatment-naïve HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals in the Central Region of Portugal |
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