Cerebellar modules in the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear loop demarcated by pcdh10 expression in the adult mouse

Topographic connection between corresponding compartments of the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei, and inferior olive form parallel modules, which are essential for the cerebellar function. Compared to the striped cortical compartmentalization which are labeled by molecular markers, such as aldolase C (Aldoc) or zebrin II, the presumed corresponding organization of the cerebellar nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus has not been much clarified. We focused on the expression pattern of pcdh10 gene coding cell adhesion molecule protocadherin 10 (Pcdh10) in adult mice. In the cortex, pcdh10 was strongly expressed in (a) Aldoc‐positive vermal stripes a+//2+ in lobules VI–VII, (b) paravermal narrow stripes c+, d+, 4b+, 5a+ in crus I and neighboring lobules, and (c) paravermal stripes 4+//5+ across all lobules from lobule III to paraflocculus. In the cerebellar nuclei, pcdh10 was expressed strongly in the caudal part of the medial nucleus and the lateral part of the posterior interposed nucleus which project less to the medulla or to the red nucleus than to other metencephalic, mesencephalic, and diencephalic areas. In the inferior olive, pcdh10 was expressed strongly in the rostral and medioventrocaudal parts of the medial accessory olive which has connection with the mesencephalic areas rather than the spinal cord. Olivocerebellar and corticonuclear axonal labeling confirmed that the three cortical pcdh10‐positive areas were topographically connected to the nuclear and olivary pcdh10‐positive areas, demonstrating their coincidence with modular structures in the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear loop. We speculate that some of these modules are functionally involved in various nonsomatosensorimotor tasks via their afferent and efferent connections. Pcdh10 was expressed in particular Aldoc‐positive stripes in the cerebellar cortex (center), and in particular areas in the cerebellar nuclei (top) and inferior olive (bottom). These pcdh10‐positive areas were topographically connected (arrows) to form cerebellar modules, some of which may be involved in nonsomatosensorimotor function.