Groundwater contamination with arsenic in Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh: geochemical and hydrological implications
An integrated study has been carried out to elucidate the distribution and occurrence of arsenic in selected groundwater samples in the area of Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh. Arsenic and other parameters (T, pH, EC, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, HCO₃ ⁻, PO₄ ³⁻, Fe, Mn and DOC) have been measur...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2009-07, Vol.58 (1), p.73-84 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 84 |
---|---|
container_issue | 1 |
container_start_page | 73 |
container_title | Environmental earth sciences |
container_volume | 58 |
creator | Halim, M. A Majumder, R. K Nessa, S. A Oda, K Hiroshiro, Y Saha, B. B Hassain, S. M Latif, Sk. A Islam, M. A Jinno, K |
description | An integrated study has been carried out to elucidate the distribution and occurrence of arsenic in selected groundwater samples in the area of Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh. Arsenic and other parameters (T, pH, EC, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, HCO₃ ⁻, PO₄ ³⁻, Fe, Mn and DOC) have been measured in groundwater samples collected from shallow/deep tube wells at different depths. Hydrogeochemical data suggest that the groundwaters are generally Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Mg-Ca-HCO₃ types with bicarbonate (HCO₃ ⁻) as the dominant anion, though the other type of water has also been observed. Dissolved arsenic in groundwater ranged from 0.006 to 0.461 mg/l, with 69% groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh limit for safe drinking water (0.05 mg/l). Correlation and principal component analysis have been performed to find out possible relationships among the examined parameters in groundwater. Low concentrations of NO₃ ⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻, and high concentrations of DOC, HCO₃ ⁻ and PO₄ ³⁻ indicate the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer where sediments are deposited with abundant organic matter. Distinct relationship of As with Fe and Mn, and strong correlation with DOC suggests that the biodegradation of organic matter along with reductive dissolution of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides has being considered the dominant process to release As in the aquifers studied herein. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00254-008-1493-8 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_20679268</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>20679268</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a423t-407108f7b3dd405986a2dfa84fd6cd9036fb13bff3b3bdbb50550830746211343</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1v1DAQhi0EEkvhB3AiQoITgfFnEm5Q0YJUiUPp2ZrEduIlsRc7q6r_Hi-pisSB01jjZx69egl5SeE9BWg-ZAAmRQ3Q1lR0vG4fkR0VnNUgOvmY7KATvAYK8il5lvMeADrWdDuyXKZ4DOYWV5uqIYYVFx9w9TFUt36dKkzZBj9UPlTXk024N_7nhOFd9RnDOKOxefpYjTYOk138gHOFwVTTnUlxjuOfhV8Oc3mclPk5eeJwzvbF_TwjNxdffpx_ra--X347_3RVo2B8rQU0FFrX9NwYAbJrFTLjsBXOqMF0wJXrKe-d4z3vTd9LkBJaDo1QjFIu-Bl5u3kPKf462rzqxefBzjMGG49ZM1BNx1RbwNf_gPt4TKFk06xEEMClKhDdoCHFnJN1-pD8gulOU9Cn9vXWvi7t61P7-iR-cy_GXFpwCcPg88Mho0oKKlnh2Mbl8hVGm_4G-J_81XbkMGocUxHfXDOgHKgSkreU_wZs955V</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>210840356</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Groundwater contamination with arsenic in Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh: geochemical and hydrological implications</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Halim, M. A ; Majumder, R. K ; Nessa, S. A ; Oda, K ; Hiroshiro, Y ; Saha, B. B ; Hassain, S. M ; Latif, Sk. A ; Islam, M. A ; Jinno, K</creator><creatorcontrib>Halim, M. A ; Majumder, R. K ; Nessa, S. A ; Oda, K ; Hiroshiro, Y ; Saha, B. B ; Hassain, S. M ; Latif, Sk. A ; Islam, M. A ; Jinno, K</creatorcontrib><description>An integrated study has been carried out to elucidate the distribution and occurrence of arsenic in selected groundwater samples in the area of Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh. Arsenic and other parameters (T, pH, EC, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, HCO₃ ⁻, PO₄ ³⁻, Fe, Mn and DOC) have been measured in groundwater samples collected from shallow/deep tube wells at different depths. Hydrogeochemical data suggest that the groundwaters are generally Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Mg-Ca-HCO₃ types with bicarbonate (HCO₃ ⁻) as the dominant anion, though the other type of water has also been observed. Dissolved arsenic in groundwater ranged from 0.006 to 0.461 mg/l, with 69% groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh limit for safe drinking water (0.05 mg/l). Correlation and principal component analysis have been performed to find out possible relationships among the examined parameters in groundwater. Low concentrations of NO₃ ⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻, and high concentrations of DOC, HCO₃ ⁻ and PO₄ ³⁻ indicate the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer where sediments are deposited with abundant organic matter. Distinct relationship of As with Fe and Mn, and strong correlation with DOC suggests that the biodegradation of organic matter along with reductive dissolution of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides has being considered the dominant process to release As in the aquifers studied herein.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0943-0105</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0495</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00254-008-1493-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Aquifers ; Arsenic ; Arsenic content ; Biodegradation ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environmental geology ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Groundwater pollution ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrologic analysis ; Hydrology. Hydrogeology ; Mineralogy ; Organic matter ; Original Article ; Pollution, environment geology ; Principal components analysis ; Silicates ; Water analysis ; Water geochemistry ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2009-07, Vol.58 (1), p.73-84</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2008</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a423t-407108f7b3dd405986a2dfa84fd6cd9036fb13bff3b3bdbb50550830746211343</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a423t-407108f7b3dd405986a2dfa84fd6cd9036fb13bff3b3bdbb50550830746211343</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00254-008-1493-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00254-008-1493-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21654152$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Halim, M. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majumder, R. K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nessa, S. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oda, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiroshiro, Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saha, B. B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassain, S. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latif, Sk. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, M. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jinno, K</creatorcontrib><title>Groundwater contamination with arsenic in Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh: geochemical and hydrological implications</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Geol</addtitle><description>An integrated study has been carried out to elucidate the distribution and occurrence of arsenic in selected groundwater samples in the area of Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh. Arsenic and other parameters (T, pH, EC, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, HCO₃ ⁻, PO₄ ³⁻, Fe, Mn and DOC) have been measured in groundwater samples collected from shallow/deep tube wells at different depths. Hydrogeochemical data suggest that the groundwaters are generally Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Mg-Ca-HCO₃ types with bicarbonate (HCO₃ ⁻) as the dominant anion, though the other type of water has also been observed. Dissolved arsenic in groundwater ranged from 0.006 to 0.461 mg/l, with 69% groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh limit for safe drinking water (0.05 mg/l). Correlation and principal component analysis have been performed to find out possible relationships among the examined parameters in groundwater. Low concentrations of NO₃ ⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻, and high concentrations of DOC, HCO₃ ⁻ and PO₄ ³⁻ indicate the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer where sediments are deposited with abundant organic matter. Distinct relationship of As with Fe and Mn, and strong correlation with DOC suggests that the biodegradation of organic matter along with reductive dissolution of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides has being considered the dominant process to release As in the aquifers studied herein.</description><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Arsenic content</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environmental geology</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Groundwater pollution</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Hydrologic analysis</subject><subject>Hydrology. Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Silicates</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water geochemistry</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><issn>0943-0105</issn><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1432-0495</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1v1DAQhi0EEkvhB3AiQoITgfFnEm5Q0YJUiUPp2ZrEduIlsRc7q6r_Hi-pisSB01jjZx69egl5SeE9BWg-ZAAmRQ3Q1lR0vG4fkR0VnNUgOvmY7KATvAYK8il5lvMeADrWdDuyXKZ4DOYWV5uqIYYVFx9w9TFUt36dKkzZBj9UPlTXk024N_7nhOFd9RnDOKOxefpYjTYOk138gHOFwVTTnUlxjuOfhV8Oc3mclPk5eeJwzvbF_TwjNxdffpx_ra--X347_3RVo2B8rQU0FFrX9NwYAbJrFTLjsBXOqMF0wJXrKe-d4z3vTd9LkBJaDo1QjFIu-Bl5u3kPKf462rzqxefBzjMGG49ZM1BNx1RbwNf_gPt4TKFk06xEEMClKhDdoCHFnJN1-pD8gulOU9Cn9vXWvi7t61P7-iR-cy_GXFpwCcPg88Mho0oKKlnh2Mbl8hVGm_4G-J_81XbkMGocUxHfXDOgHKgSkreU_wZs955V</recordid><startdate>20090701</startdate><enddate>20090701</enddate><creator>Halim, M. A</creator><creator>Majumder, R. K</creator><creator>Nessa, S. A</creator><creator>Oda, K</creator><creator>Hiroshiro, Y</creator><creator>Saha, B. B</creator><creator>Hassain, S. M</creator><creator>Latif, Sk. A</creator><creator>Islam, M. A</creator><creator>Jinno, K</creator><general>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090701</creationdate><title>Groundwater contamination with arsenic in Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh: geochemical and hydrological implications</title><author>Halim, M. A ; Majumder, R. K ; Nessa, S. A ; Oda, K ; Hiroshiro, Y ; Saha, B. B ; Hassain, S. M ; Latif, Sk. A ; Islam, M. A ; Jinno, K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a423t-407108f7b3dd405986a2dfa84fd6cd9036fb13bff3b3bdbb50550830746211343</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Arsenic</topic><topic>Arsenic content</topic><topic>Biodegradation</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Environmental geology</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Groundwater pollution</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Hydrologic analysis</topic><topic>Hydrology. Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Silicates</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water geochemistry</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Halim, M. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majumder, R. K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nessa, S. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oda, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiroshiro, Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saha, B. B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassain, S. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latif, Sk. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, M. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jinno, K</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Halim, M. A</au><au>Majumder, R. K</au><au>Nessa, S. A</au><au>Oda, K</au><au>Hiroshiro, Y</au><au>Saha, B. B</au><au>Hassain, S. M</au><au>Latif, Sk. A</au><au>Islam, M. A</au><au>Jinno, K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Groundwater contamination with arsenic in Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh: geochemical and hydrological implications</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Geol</stitle><date>2009-07-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>73</spage><epage>84</epage><pages>73-84</pages><issn>0943-0105</issn><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1432-0495</eissn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>An integrated study has been carried out to elucidate the distribution and occurrence of arsenic in selected groundwater samples in the area of Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh. Arsenic and other parameters (T, pH, EC, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, HCO₃ ⁻, PO₄ ³⁻, Fe, Mn and DOC) have been measured in groundwater samples collected from shallow/deep tube wells at different depths. Hydrogeochemical data suggest that the groundwaters are generally Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Mg-Ca-HCO₃ types with bicarbonate (HCO₃ ⁻) as the dominant anion, though the other type of water has also been observed. Dissolved arsenic in groundwater ranged from 0.006 to 0.461 mg/l, with 69% groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh limit for safe drinking water (0.05 mg/l). Correlation and principal component analysis have been performed to find out possible relationships among the examined parameters in groundwater. Low concentrations of NO₃ ⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻, and high concentrations of DOC, HCO₃ ⁻ and PO₄ ³⁻ indicate the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer where sediments are deposited with abundant organic matter. Distinct relationship of As with Fe and Mn, and strong correlation with DOC suggests that the biodegradation of organic matter along with reductive dissolution of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides has being considered the dominant process to release As in the aquifers studied herein.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s00254-008-1493-8</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0943-0105 |
ispartof | Environmental earth sciences, 2009-07, Vol.58 (1), p.73-84 |
issn | 0943-0105 1866-6280 1432-0495 1866-6299 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_20679268 |
source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
subjects | Aquifers Arsenic Arsenic content Biodegradation Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental geology Exact sciences and technology Geochemistry Geology Groundwater pollution Hydrogeology Hydrologic analysis Hydrology. Hydrogeology Mineralogy Organic matter Original Article Pollution, environment geology Principal components analysis Silicates Water analysis Water geochemistry Water sampling |
title | Groundwater contamination with arsenic in Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh: geochemical and hydrological implications |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-21T14%3A30%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Groundwater%20contamination%20with%20arsenic%20in%20Sherajdikhan,%20Bangladesh:%20geochemical%20and%20hydrological%20implications&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20earth%20sciences&rft.au=Halim,%20M.%20A&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.epage=84&rft.pages=73-84&rft.issn=0943-0105&rft.eissn=1432-0495&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s00254-008-1493-8&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E20679268%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=210840356&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |