Modeling the Effect of Snow and Ice on the Global Environmental Fate and Long-Range Transport Potential of Semivolatile Organic Compounds
Snow and ice have been implemented in a global multimedia box model to investigate the influence of these media on the environmental fate and long-range transport (LRT) of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs). Investigated compounds include HCB, PCB28, PCB180, PBDE47, PBDE209, α-HCH, and dacthal. I...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2007-09, Vol.41 (17), p.6192-6198 |
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| creator | Stocker, Judith Scheringer, Martin Wegmann, Fabio Hungerbühler, Konrad |
| description | Snow and ice have been implemented in a global multimedia box model to investigate the influence of these media on the environmental fate and long-range transport (LRT) of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs). Investigated compounds include HCB, PCB28, PCB180, PBDE47, PBDE209, α-HCH, and dacthal. In low latitudes, snow acts as a transfer medium taking up chemicals from air and releasing them to water or soil during snowmelt. In high latitudes, snow and ice shield water, soil, and vegetation from chemical deposition. In the model version including snow and ice (scenario 2), the mass of chemicals in soil in high latitudes is between 27% (HCB) and 97% (α-HCH) of the mass calculated with the model version without snow and ice (scenario 1). Amounts in Arctic seawater in scenario 2 are 8% (α-HCH) to 21% (dacthal) of the amounts obtained in scenario 1. For all investigated chemicals except α-HCH, presence of snow and ice in the model increases the concentration in air by a factor of 2 (HCB) to 10 (PBDE209). Because of reduced net deposition to snow-covered surfaces in high latitudes, LRT to the Arctic is reduced for most chemicals whereas transport to the south is more pronounced than in scenario 1 (“southward shift”). The presence of snow and ice thus considerably changes the environmental fate of SOCs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es062873k |
| format | Article |
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Investigated compounds include HCB, PCB28, PCB180, PBDE47, PBDE209, α-HCH, and dacthal. In low latitudes, snow acts as a transfer medium taking up chemicals from air and releasing them to water or soil during snowmelt. In high latitudes, snow and ice shield water, soil, and vegetation from chemical deposition. In the model version including snow and ice (scenario 2), the mass of chemicals in soil in high latitudes is between 27% (HCB) and 97% (α-HCH) of the mass calculated with the model version without snow and ice (scenario 1). Amounts in Arctic seawater in scenario 2 are 8% (α-HCH) to 21% (dacthal) of the amounts obtained in scenario 1. For all investigated chemicals except α-HCH, presence of snow and ice in the model increases the concentration in air by a factor of 2 (HCB) to 10 (PBDE209). 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Geothermics ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; Environmental Pollutants - chemistry ; Environmental science ; Exact sciences and technology ; Global environmental pollution ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; Hexachlorobenzene - analysis ; Hexachlorobenzene - chemistry ; Ice ; Models, Theoretical ; Organic Chemicals - analysis ; Organic Chemicals - chemistry ; Phenyl Ethers - analysis ; Phenyl Ethers - chemistry ; Plant Development ; Pollution ; Pollution, environment geology ; Polybrominated Biphenyls - analysis ; Polybrominated Biphenyls - chemistry ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - chemistry ; Snow ; VOCs ; Volatile organic compounds ; Volatilization</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2007-09, Vol.41 (17), p.6192-6198</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Sep 1, 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-d00198c3293c9660210b01331f1666638d2a933b13161e3fdadc8fb84e2aef2b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-d00198c3293c9660210b01331f1666638d2a933b13161e3fdadc8fb84e2aef2b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es062873k$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es062873k$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2751,27055,27903,27904,56716,56766</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19050302$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937301$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stocker, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scheringer, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wegmann, Fabio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hungerbühler, Konrad</creatorcontrib><title>Modeling the Effect of Snow and Ice on the Global Environmental Fate and Long-Range Transport Potential of Semivolatile Organic Compounds</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Snow and ice have been implemented in a global multimedia box model to investigate the influence of these media on the environmental fate and long-range transport (LRT) of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs). Investigated compounds include HCB, PCB28, PCB180, PBDE47, PBDE209, α-HCH, and dacthal. In low latitudes, snow acts as a transfer medium taking up chemicals from air and releasing them to water or soil during snowmelt. In high latitudes, snow and ice shield water, soil, and vegetation from chemical deposition. In the model version including snow and ice (scenario 2), the mass of chemicals in soil in high latitudes is between 27% (HCB) and 97% (α-HCH) of the mass calculated with the model version without snow and ice (scenario 1). Amounts in Arctic seawater in scenario 2 are 8% (α-HCH) to 21% (dacthal) of the amounts obtained in scenario 1. For all investigated chemicals except α-HCH, presence of snow and ice in the model increases the concentration in air by a factor of 2 (HCB) to 10 (PBDE209). Because of reduced net deposition to snow-covered surfaces in high latitudes, LRT to the Arctic is reduced for most chemicals whereas transport to the south is more pronounced than in scenario 1 (“southward shift”). The presence of snow and ice thus considerably changes the environmental fate of SOCs.</description><subject>Air</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Biological Transport</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Global environmental pollution</subject><subject>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers</subject><subject>Hexachlorobenzene - analysis</subject><subject>Hexachlorobenzene - chemistry</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals - analysis</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals - chemistry</subject><subject>Phenyl Ethers - analysis</subject><subject>Phenyl Ethers - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Development</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Polybrominated Biphenyls - analysis</subject><subject>Polybrominated Biphenyls - chemistry</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - chemistry</subject><subject>Snow</subject><subject>VOCs</subject><subject>Volatile organic compounds</subject><subject>Volatilization</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpl0Vtv0zAUAGALgVg3eOAPIAsJJB4Cvixx8jiq7oIKq7Yi9mY5znHxltjFdjb4CfxrvLVaJfCLZZ1Px-eC0CtKPlDC6EeIpGK14DdP0ISWjBRlXdKnaEII5UXDq6s9tB_jNSGEcVI_R3tUNFxwQifozxffQW_dCqcfgGfGgE7YG3zp_B1WrsNnGrB3D9GT3reqxzN3a4N3A7iUX8cqwQOce7cqLpRbAV4G5eLah4QXPmVms7vPCYO99b1Ktgd8HlbKWY2nflj70XXxBXpmVB_h5fY-QN-OZ8vpaTE_PzmbHs0LdchEKrrcVFNrzhqum6rK7ZM2t8mpoVU-vO6YajhvKacVBW461enatPUhMAWGtfwAvdvkXQf_c4SY5GCjhr5XDvwYJSOVqETJM3zzD7z2Y3C5NpnHSAXhRGT0foN08DEGMHId7KDCb0mJvF-OfFxOtq-3Ccd2gG4nt9vI4O0WqKhVb_IYtY0715Ayf8qyKzbOxgS_HuMq3MhKcFHK5eJSfv70_eviqr6Qp7u8SsddE_8X-BfRWbF-</recordid><startdate>20070901</startdate><enddate>20070901</enddate><creator>Stocker, Judith</creator><creator>Scheringer, Martin</creator><creator>Wegmann, Fabio</creator><creator>Hungerbühler, Konrad</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070901</creationdate><title>Modeling the Effect of Snow and Ice on the Global Environmental Fate and Long-Range Transport Potential of Semivolatile Organic Compounds</title><author>Stocker, Judith ; Scheringer, Martin ; Wegmann, Fabio ; Hungerbühler, Konrad</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-d00198c3293c9660210b01331f1666638d2a933b13161e3fdadc8fb84e2aef2b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Air</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Biological Transport</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Environmental conditions</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Global environmental pollution</topic><topic>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers</topic><topic>Hexachlorobenzene - analysis</topic><topic>Hexachlorobenzene - chemistry</topic><topic>Ice</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Organic Chemicals - analysis</topic><topic>Organic Chemicals - chemistry</topic><topic>Phenyl Ethers - analysis</topic><topic>Phenyl Ethers - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Development</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Polybrominated Biphenyls - analysis</topic><topic>Polybrominated Biphenyls - chemistry</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - chemistry</topic><topic>Snow</topic><topic>VOCs</topic><topic>Volatile organic compounds</topic><topic>Volatilization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Stocker, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scheringer, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wegmann, Fabio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hungerbühler, Konrad</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Stocker, Judith</au><au>Scheringer, Martin</au><au>Wegmann, Fabio</au><au>Hungerbühler, Konrad</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modeling the Effect of Snow and Ice on the Global Environmental Fate and Long-Range Transport Potential of Semivolatile Organic Compounds</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2007-09-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>6192</spage><epage>6198</epage><pages>6192-6198</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>Snow and ice have been implemented in a global multimedia box model to investigate the influence of these media on the environmental fate and long-range transport (LRT) of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs). Investigated compounds include HCB, PCB28, PCB180, PBDE47, PBDE209, α-HCH, and dacthal. In low latitudes, snow acts as a transfer medium taking up chemicals from air and releasing them to water or soil during snowmelt. In high latitudes, snow and ice shield water, soil, and vegetation from chemical deposition. In the model version including snow and ice (scenario 2), the mass of chemicals in soil in high latitudes is between 27% (HCB) and 97% (α-HCH) of the mass calculated with the model version without snow and ice (scenario 1). Amounts in Arctic seawater in scenario 2 are 8% (α-HCH) to 21% (dacthal) of the amounts obtained in scenario 1. For all investigated chemicals except α-HCH, presence of snow and ice in the model increases the concentration in air by a factor of 2 (HCB) to 10 (PBDE209). Because of reduced net deposition to snow-covered surfaces in high latitudes, LRT to the Arctic is reduced for most chemicals whereas transport to the south is more pronounced than in scenario 1 (“southward shift”). The presence of snow and ice thus considerably changes the environmental fate of SOCs.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>17937301</pmid><doi>10.1021/es062873k</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air Applied sciences Biological Transport Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental conditions Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - analysis Environmental Pollutants - chemistry Environmental science Exact sciences and technology Global environmental pollution Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers Hexachlorobenzene - analysis Hexachlorobenzene - chemistry Ice Models, Theoretical Organic Chemicals - analysis Organic Chemicals - chemistry Phenyl Ethers - analysis Phenyl Ethers - chemistry Plant Development Pollution Pollution, environment geology Polybrominated Biphenyls - analysis Polybrominated Biphenyls - chemistry Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis Polychlorinated Biphenyls - chemistry Snow VOCs Volatile organic compounds Volatilization |
| title | Modeling the Effect of Snow and Ice on the Global Environmental Fate and Long-Range Transport Potential of Semivolatile Organic Compounds |
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