Occupational Cognitive Complexity in Earlier Adulthood Is Associated With Brain Structure and Cognitive Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study
Objective: In line with cognitive reserve theory, higher occupational cognitive complexity is associated with reduced cognitive decline in older adulthood. How and when occupational cognitive complexity first exerts protective effects during the life span remains unclear. We investigated association...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neuropsychology 2018-11, Vol.32 (8), p.895-905 |
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| creator | Kaup, Allison R Xia, Feng Launer, Lenore J Sidney, Stephen Nasrallah, Ilya Erus, Guray Allen, Norrina Yaffe, Kristine |
| description | Objective: In line with cognitive reserve theory, higher occupational cognitive complexity is associated with reduced cognitive decline in older adulthood. How and when occupational cognitive complexity first exerts protective effects during the life span remains unclear. We investigated associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and brain structure and cognition in midlife. Method: Participants were 669 adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (aged 18-30 years at baseline, 52% female, 38% Black). We calculated scores reflecting occupational cognitive complexity using Census Occupation Codes (years 10 and 15) and Occupational Information Network (O*NET) data. At year 25, participants had structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and cognitive testing (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop). In adjusted mixed models, we examined associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and midlife brain structure, specifically gray matter volume and white matter fractional anisotropy, and cognition in midlife (all outcomes converted to z-scores). Results: Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with greater white matter fractional anisotropy (estimate = 0.10, p = .01) but not gray matter volume. Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with better Digit Symbol Substitution Test (estimate = 0.13, p < .001) and Stroop (estimate = 0.09, p = .01) performance but not Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test performance. Conclusions: Occupational cognitive complexity earlier in adulthood is associated with better white matter integrity, processing speed, and executive function in midlife. These associations may capture how occupational cognitive complexity contributes to cognitive reserve.
General Scientific Summary
Cognitively stimulating activities, such as cognitively complex occupations, are thought to help prevent cognitive decline in aging. It is unclear how such activities benefit the brain and how early on during the life span protective effects first emerge. We found that individuals who had cognitively complex occupations in earlier adulthood had better brain health (specifically, white matter structure) and better cognitive health (specifically, processing speed, and executive function) in midlife. These associations may help explain why individuals who have cognitivel |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/neu0000474 |
| format | Article |
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General Scientific Summary
Cognitively stimulating activities, such as cognitively complex occupations, are thought to help prevent cognitive decline in aging. It is unclear how such activities benefit the brain and how early on during the life span protective effects first emerge. We found that individuals who had cognitively complex occupations in earlier adulthood had better brain health (specifically, white matter structure) and better cognitive health (specifically, processing speed, and executive function) in midlife. These associations may help explain why individuals who have cognitively complex occupations are less likely to show cognitive decline in older adulthood.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-4105</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1931-1559</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/neu0000474</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29985017</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anisotropy ; Brain ; Brain - anatomy & histology ; Cognition - physiology ; Cognitive Complexity ; Cognitive Reserve ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Executive Function ; Female ; Gray Matter - anatomy & histology ; Gray Matter - diagnostic imaging ; Health ; Health Status ; Human ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Adulthood ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Occupations ; Verbal Learning ; White Matter - anatomy & histology ; White Matter - diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Neuropsychology, 2018-11, Vol.32 (8), p.895-905</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a387t-ff1d43c2602a3fbbff89c0242c51828a882ae33a1559dfbd173ab6bcebcd4bea3</citedby><orcidid>0000-0002-6993-4384</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29985017$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Brown, Gregory G</contributor><creatorcontrib>Kaup, Allison R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Launer, Lenore J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidney, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasrallah, Ilya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erus, Guray</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Norrina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaffe, Kristine</creatorcontrib><title>Occupational Cognitive Complexity in Earlier Adulthood Is Associated With Brain Structure and Cognitive Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study</title><title>Neuropsychology</title><addtitle>Neuropsychology</addtitle><description>Objective: In line with cognitive reserve theory, higher occupational cognitive complexity is associated with reduced cognitive decline in older adulthood. How and when occupational cognitive complexity first exerts protective effects during the life span remains unclear. We investigated associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and brain structure and cognition in midlife. Method: Participants were 669 adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (aged 18-30 years at baseline, 52% female, 38% Black). We calculated scores reflecting occupational cognitive complexity using Census Occupation Codes (years 10 and 15) and Occupational Information Network (O*NET) data. At year 25, participants had structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and cognitive testing (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop). In adjusted mixed models, we examined associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and midlife brain structure, specifically gray matter volume and white matter fractional anisotropy, and cognition in midlife (all outcomes converted to z-scores). Results: Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with greater white matter fractional anisotropy (estimate = 0.10, p = .01) but not gray matter volume. Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with better Digit Symbol Substitution Test (estimate = 0.13, p < .001) and Stroop (estimate = 0.09, p = .01) performance but not Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test performance. Conclusions: Occupational cognitive complexity earlier in adulthood is associated with better white matter integrity, processing speed, and executive function in midlife. These associations may capture how occupational cognitive complexity contributes to cognitive reserve.
General Scientific Summary
Cognitively stimulating activities, such as cognitively complex occupations, are thought to help prevent cognitive decline in aging. It is unclear how such activities benefit the brain and how early on during the life span protective effects first emerge. We found that individuals who had cognitively complex occupations in earlier adulthood had better brain health (specifically, white matter structure) and better cognitive health (specifically, processing speed, and executive function) in midlife. These associations may help explain why individuals who have cognitively complex occupations are less likely to show cognitive decline in older adulthood.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anisotropy</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Cognitive Complexity</subject><subject>Cognitive Reserve</subject><subject>Diffusion Tensor Imaging</subject><subject>Executive Function</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gray Matter - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Gray Matter - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health Status</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Adulthood</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Occupations</subject><subject>Verbal Learning</subject><subject>White Matter - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>White Matter - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0894-4105</issn><issn>1931-1559</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0cuKFDEUBuAgitOObnwACbgRpTSXuiSzK9vRaRgZ0BGX4VSSsjNUV8pcxH4GX9q0PV4wm2TxnT9wfoQeU_KSEt69mm0m5dRdfQetqOS0ok0j76IVEbKuakqaE_QgxptihGyb--iESSkaQrsV-nGldV4gOT_DhNf-y-yS-2bLa7dM9rtLe-xmfA5hcjbg3uQpbb03eBNxH6PXDpI1-LNLW_w6QKEfU8g65WAxzOafwAsLZfQQ9t6ZyY32DF9vyz_9hzebvkxls3-I7o0wRfvo9j5Fn96eX68vqsurd5t1f1kBF12qxpGammvWEgZ8HIZxFFITVjPdUMEECMHAcg6HJZhxMLTjMLSDtoM29WCBn6Jnx9wl-K_ZxqR2Lmo7TTBbn6NipO0ol03HC336H73xOZRV_VJt17W1ZEU9PyodfIzBjmoJbgdhryhRh4rU34oKfnIbmYedNX_o704KeHEEsIBa4l5DSE5PNuocgp3TIUxxpoQSsuE_AfEqnNw</recordid><startdate>201811</startdate><enddate>201811</enddate><creator>Kaup, Allison R</creator><creator>Xia, Feng</creator><creator>Launer, Lenore J</creator><creator>Sidney, Stephen</creator><creator>Nasrallah, Ilya</creator><creator>Erus, Guray</creator><creator>Allen, Norrina</creator><creator>Yaffe, Kristine</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-4384</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201811</creationdate><title>Occupational Cognitive Complexity in Earlier Adulthood Is Associated With Brain Structure and Cognitive Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study</title><author>Kaup, Allison R ; Xia, Feng ; Launer, Lenore J ; Sidney, Stephen ; Nasrallah, Ilya ; Erus, Guray ; Allen, Norrina ; Yaffe, Kristine</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a387t-ff1d43c2602a3fbbff89c0242c51828a882ae33a1559dfbd173ab6bcebcd4bea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anisotropy</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Cognitive Complexity</topic><topic>Cognitive Reserve</topic><topic>Diffusion Tensor Imaging</topic><topic>Executive Function</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gray Matter - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Gray Matter - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Health Status</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Adulthood</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>Occupations</topic><topic>Verbal Learning</topic><topic>White Matter - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>White Matter - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kaup, Allison R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Launer, Lenore J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidney, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasrallah, Ilya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erus, Guray</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Norrina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaffe, Kristine</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuropsychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kaup, Allison R</au><au>Xia, Feng</au><au>Launer, Lenore J</au><au>Sidney, Stephen</au><au>Nasrallah, Ilya</au><au>Erus, Guray</au><au>Allen, Norrina</au><au>Yaffe, Kristine</au><au>Brown, Gregory G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occupational Cognitive Complexity in Earlier Adulthood Is Associated With Brain Structure and Cognitive Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study</atitle><jtitle>Neuropsychology</jtitle><addtitle>Neuropsychology</addtitle><date>2018-11</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>895</spage><epage>905</epage><pages>895-905</pages><issn>0894-4105</issn><eissn>1931-1559</eissn><abstract>Objective: In line with cognitive reserve theory, higher occupational cognitive complexity is associated with reduced cognitive decline in older adulthood. How and when occupational cognitive complexity first exerts protective effects during the life span remains unclear. We investigated associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and brain structure and cognition in midlife. Method: Participants were 669 adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (aged 18-30 years at baseline, 52% female, 38% Black). We calculated scores reflecting occupational cognitive complexity using Census Occupation Codes (years 10 and 15) and Occupational Information Network (O*NET) data. At year 25, participants had structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and cognitive testing (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop). In adjusted mixed models, we examined associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and midlife brain structure, specifically gray matter volume and white matter fractional anisotropy, and cognition in midlife (all outcomes converted to z-scores). Results: Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with greater white matter fractional anisotropy (estimate = 0.10, p = .01) but not gray matter volume. Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with better Digit Symbol Substitution Test (estimate = 0.13, p < .001) and Stroop (estimate = 0.09, p = .01) performance but not Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test performance. Conclusions: Occupational cognitive complexity earlier in adulthood is associated with better white matter integrity, processing speed, and executive function in midlife. These associations may capture how occupational cognitive complexity contributes to cognitive reserve.
General Scientific Summary
Cognitively stimulating activities, such as cognitively complex occupations, are thought to help prevent cognitive decline in aging. It is unclear how such activities benefit the brain and how early on during the life span protective effects first emerge. We found that individuals who had cognitively complex occupations in earlier adulthood had better brain health (specifically, white matter structure) and better cognitive health (specifically, processing speed, and executive function) in midlife. These associations may help explain why individuals who have cognitively complex occupations are less likely to show cognitive decline in older adulthood.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>29985017</pmid><doi>10.1037/neu0000474</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-4384</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Anisotropy Brain Brain - anatomy & histology Cognition - physiology Cognitive Complexity Cognitive Reserve Diffusion Tensor Imaging Executive Function Female Gray Matter - anatomy & histology Gray Matter - diagnostic imaging Health Health Status Human Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Adulthood Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Occupations Verbal Learning White Matter - anatomy & histology White Matter - diagnostic imaging Young Adult |
| title | Occupational Cognitive Complexity in Earlier Adulthood Is Associated With Brain Structure and Cognitive Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study |
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