Fabrication and characterisation of starch/chitosan/flax fabric green flame-retardant composites

The study reveals the fabrication of eco-friendly bio-composites by employing natural, widely available biopolymers such as starch, chitosan (CS) and flax fabric (FF). In a typical process, starch was used in the form of thermoplastic starch prepared via mechano ball milling and subsequently, composites were fabricated via compression with CS and FF. The nature of the composites was analysed using FTIR. Good compatibility and homogeneous dispersion of reinforcements was corroborated using FESEM (EDX). The influence of CS (3, 6, & 9 wt%) on the mechanical (UTM) and thermal (TGA) properties, biodegradability (soil burial test), and flammability (horizontal burning test (UL94), limited oxygen index (LOI)) of the composites was investigated. An improvement in tensile strength from 16.45 to 20.78 MPa, thermal stability 10 wt% @ 800 °C (N2 atmosphere) and flame retardancy showed remarkable withstandability (UL94 = Vo & LOI = 40) of the composites with flame and flame self-annihilate were speculated to arise from the dense char formed by the carbonaceous agent CS. A delay in biodegradation was observed for CS composites, indicating longer durability of the composites. •Composites were developed from plasticized starch, Flax fabric and CS.•Plasticized starch powder was prepared via mechano-ball milling process.•The properties of the composites were investigated as a function of CS.•Mechanical and Flame retardancy properties were improved with the incorporation of a filler.