Numerical Simulations of Local Circulation and Cumulus Generation over the Loess Plateau, China
The Loess Plateau of China consists of dissected flat tablelands with steep gullies. To evaluate the effect of topography on local circulation and cumulus generation over the Loess Plateau, numerical simulations of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) development were conducted using a cloud-resolving n...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied meteorology and climatology 2009-04, Vol.48 (4), p.849-862 |
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| creator | Nishikawa, Masanori Hiyama, Tetsuya Tsuboki, Kazuhisa Fukushima, Yoshihiro |
| description | The Loess Plateau of China consists of dissected flat tablelands with steep gullies. To evaluate the effect of topography on local circulation and cumulus generation over the Loess Plateau, numerical simulations of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) development were conducted using a cloud-resolving nonhydrostatic model. Two types of numerical simulation were carried out under two sets of bottom boundary conditions: real terrain and flat terrain. The differences in ABL development and cumulus generation between the flat- and real-terrain conditions are described and the local circulation structures induced by ABL development are illustrated. More cumulus clouds were generated over the real terrain than over the flat terrain. In the real-terrain case, large amounts of cumulus cloud were generated on the windward slopes and on the edge of the tableland, with updrafts caused by thermal generation and a local circulation developing with horizontal and vertical scales of several kilometers. Cumulus clouds clearly developed at the top of the ABL because the water vapor is nonhomogeneously lifted by the local circulation on windward slopes and on edge of the tableland. Thus, the topography of the Loess Plateau plays an important role in cumulus generation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/2008jamc2041.1 |
| format | Article |
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To evaluate the effect of topography on local circulation and cumulus generation over the Loess Plateau, numerical simulations of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) development were conducted using a cloud-resolving nonhydrostatic model. Two types of numerical simulation were carried out under two sets of bottom boundary conditions: real terrain and flat terrain. The differences in ABL development and cumulus generation between the flat- and real-terrain conditions are described and the local circulation structures induced by ABL development are illustrated. More cumulus clouds were generated over the real terrain than over the flat terrain. In the real-terrain case, large amounts of cumulus cloud were generated on the windward slopes and on the edge of the tableland, with updrafts caused by thermal generation and a local circulation developing with horizontal and vertical scales of several kilometers. Cumulus clouds clearly developed at the top of the ABL because the water vapor is nonhomogeneously lifted by the local circulation on windward slopes and on edge of the tableland. Thus, the topography of the Loess Plateau plays an important role in cumulus generation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1558-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-8432</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/2008jamc2041.1</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOAMEZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Atmospheric boundary layer ; Atmospheric circulation ; Boundary conditions ; Boundary layers ; Circulation ; Cloud physics ; Clouds ; Cumulus clouds ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Gullies ; Loess ; Mathematical models ; Meteorology ; Mountains ; Numerical simulations ; Plateaus ; Radiation ; River basins ; Simulation ; Slopes ; Tablelands ; Technological change ; Terrain ; Topographic effects ; Topography ; Updraft ; Vertical air currents ; Water circulation ; Water conservation ; Water vapor ; Water vapour ; Wind velocity</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology, 2009-04, Vol.48 (4), p.849-862</ispartof><rights>2009 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Apr 2009</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-51ecdaa6c8a1d9eaec662140cdb117925a2b509f0270379cab9bacebc01105413</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-51ecdaa6c8a1d9eaec662140cdb117925a2b509f0270379cab9bacebc01105413</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26172862$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26172862$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,3668,27901,27902,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21488161$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nishikawa, Masanori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiyama, Tetsuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuboki, Kazuhisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fukushima, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><title>Numerical Simulations of Local Circulation and Cumulus Generation over the Loess Plateau, China</title><title>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology</title><description>The Loess Plateau of China consists of dissected flat tablelands with steep gullies. To evaluate the effect of topography on local circulation and cumulus generation over the Loess Plateau, numerical simulations of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) development were conducted using a cloud-resolving nonhydrostatic model. Two types of numerical simulation were carried out under two sets of bottom boundary conditions: real terrain and flat terrain. The differences in ABL development and cumulus generation between the flat- and real-terrain conditions are described and the local circulation structures induced by ABL development are illustrated. More cumulus clouds were generated over the real terrain than over the flat terrain. In the real-terrain case, large amounts of cumulus cloud were generated on the windward slopes and on the edge of the tableland, with updrafts caused by thermal generation and a local circulation developing with horizontal and vertical scales of several kilometers. Cumulus clouds clearly developed at the top of the ABL because the water vapor is nonhomogeneously lifted by the local circulation on windward slopes and on edge of the tableland. Thus, the topography of the Loess Plateau plays an important role in cumulus generation.</description><subject>Atmospheric boundary layer</subject><subject>Atmospheric circulation</subject><subject>Boundary conditions</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>Circulation</subject><subject>Cloud physics</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Cumulus clouds</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Gullies</subject><subject>Loess</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Mountains</subject><subject>Numerical simulations</subject><subject>Plateaus</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>River basins</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Slopes</subject><subject>Tablelands</subject><subject>Technological change</subject><subject>Terrain</subject><subject>Topographic 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nishikawa, Masanori</au><au>Hiyama, Tetsuya</au><au>Tsuboki, Kazuhisa</au><au>Fukushima, Yoshihiro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Numerical Simulations of Local Circulation and Cumulus Generation over the Loess Plateau, China</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied meteorology and climatology</jtitle><date>2009-04-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>849</spage><epage>862</epage><pages>849-862</pages><issn>1558-8424</issn><eissn>1558-8432</eissn><coden>JOAMEZ</coden><abstract>The Loess Plateau of China consists of dissected flat tablelands with steep gullies. To evaluate the effect of topography on local circulation and cumulus generation over the Loess Plateau, numerical simulations of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) development were conducted using a cloud-resolving nonhydrostatic model. Two types of numerical simulation were carried out under two sets of bottom boundary conditions: real terrain and flat terrain. The differences in ABL development and cumulus generation between the flat- and real-terrain conditions are described and the local circulation structures induced by ABL development are illustrated. More cumulus clouds were generated over the real terrain than over the flat terrain. In the real-terrain case, large amounts of cumulus cloud were generated on the windward slopes and on the edge of the tableland, with updrafts caused by thermal generation and a local circulation developing with horizontal and vertical scales of several kilometers. Cumulus clouds clearly developed at the top of the ABL because the water vapor is nonhomogeneously lifted by the local circulation on windward slopes and on edge of the tableland. Thus, the topography of the Loess Plateau plays an important role in cumulus generation.</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/2008jamc2041.1</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atmospheric boundary layer Atmospheric circulation Boundary conditions Boundary layers Circulation Cloud physics Clouds Cumulus clouds Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Gullies Loess Mathematical models Meteorology Mountains Numerical simulations Plateaus Radiation River basins Simulation Slopes Tablelands Technological change Terrain Topographic effects Topography Updraft Vertical air currents Water circulation Water conservation Water vapor Water vapour Wind velocity |
| title | Numerical Simulations of Local Circulation and Cumulus Generation over the Loess Plateau, China |
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