The azo dyes Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 increase the micronuclei frequencies in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells

The use of azo dyes by different industries can cause direct and/or indirect effects on human and environmental health due to the discharge of industrial effluents that contain these toxic compounds. Several studies have demonstrated the genotoxic effects of various azo dyes, but information on the...

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Veröffentlicht in:Mutation research 2009-05, Vol.676 (1), p.83-86
Hauptverfasser: Chequer, Farah Maria Drumond, Angeli, José Pedro Friedmann, Ferraz, Elisa Raquel Anastácio, Tsuboy, Marcela Stefanini, Marcarini, Juliana Cristina, Mantovani, Mário Sérgio, de Oliveira, Danielle Palma
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container_end_page 86
container_issue 1
container_start_page 83
container_title Mutation research
container_volume 676
creator Chequer, Farah Maria Drumond
Angeli, José Pedro Friedmann
Ferraz, Elisa Raquel Anastácio
Tsuboy, Marcela Stefanini
Marcarini, Juliana Cristina
Mantovani, Mário Sérgio
de Oliveira, Danielle Palma
description The use of azo dyes by different industries can cause direct and/or indirect effects on human and environmental health due to the discharge of industrial effluents that contain these toxic compounds. Several studies have demonstrated the genotoxic effects of various azo dyes, but information on the DNA damage caused by Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 is unavailable, although these dyes are used in dyeing processes in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic activity of Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 using the micronucleus (MN) assay in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells. In the lymphocyte assay, it was found that the number of MN induced by the lowest concentration of each dye (0.2 μg/mL) was similar to that of the negative control. At the other concentrations, a dose response MN formation was observed up to 1.0 μg/mL. At higher dose levels, the number of MN decreased. For the HepG2 cells the results were similar. With both dyes a dose dependent increase in the frequency of MN was detected. However for the HepG2, the threshold for this increase was 2.0 μg/mL, while at higher doses a reduction in the MN number was observed. The proliferation index was also calculated in order to evaluate acute toxicity during the test. No differences were detected between the different concentrations tested and the negative control.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.04.004
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Several studies have demonstrated the genotoxic effects of various azo dyes, but information on the DNA damage caused by Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 is unavailable, although these dyes are used in dyeing processes in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic activity of Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 using the micronucleus (MN) assay in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells. In the lymphocyte assay, it was found that the number of MN induced by the lowest concentration of each dye (0.2 μg/mL) was similar to that of the negative control. At the other concentrations, a dose response MN formation was observed up to 1.0 μg/mL. At higher dose levels, the number of MN decreased. For the HepG2 cells the results were similar. With both dyes a dose dependent increase in the frequency of MN was detected. However for the HepG2, the threshold for this increase was 2.0 μg/mL, while at higher doses a reduction in the MN number was observed. 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Several studies have demonstrated the genotoxic effects of various azo dyes, but information on the DNA damage caused by Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 is unavailable, although these dyes are used in dyeing processes in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic activity of Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 using the micronucleus (MN) assay in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells. In the lymphocyte assay, it was found that the number of MN induced by the lowest concentration of each dye (0.2 μg/mL) was similar to that of the negative control. At the other concentrations, a dose response MN formation was observed up to 1.0 μg/mL. At higher dose levels, the number of MN decreased. For the HepG2 cells the results were similar. With both dyes a dose dependent increase in the frequency of MN was detected. However for the HepG2, the threshold for this increase was 2.0 μg/mL, while at higher doses a reduction in the MN number was observed. The proliferation index was also calculated in order to evaluate acute toxicity during the test. No differences were detected between the different concentrations tested and the negative control.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>19442572</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.04.004</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Azo Compounds - toxicity
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Nucleus - drug effects
Cell Nucleus - genetics
Coloring Agents - toxicity
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology
Disperse Orange 1
Disperse Red 1
DNA Damage - drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
HepG2 cells
Humans
Industrial Waste - adverse effects
Leukocyte Count - statistics & numerical data
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - drug effects
Lymphocytes - metabolism
Male
Medical sciences
Micronucleus
Micronucleus Tests
Mutagenicity Tests
Mutagens - toxicity
Toxicology
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
title The azo dyes Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 increase the micronuclei frequencies in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells
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