Trans-Pacific shipboard trials on planktonic communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange
A trans-Pacific voyage from Japan to New Zealand via Singapore was used to assess planktonic (and sediment-dwelling) communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange (BWE). The research was part of a larger project to develop methods for verifying whether international shipping has com...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek) 2007-11, Vol.350, p.41-54 |
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| container_title | Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek) |
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| creator | Taylor, Michael D. MacKenzie, Lincoln M. Dodgshun, Timothy J. Hopkins, Grant A. de Zwart, Eykolina J. Hunt, Carlton D. |
| description | A trans-Pacific voyage from Japan to New Zealand via Singapore was used to assess planktonic (and sediment-dwelling) communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange (BWE). The research was part of a larger project to develop methods for verifying whether international shipping has complied with mandatory controls and voluntary BWE guidelines. The dilution efficiency of exchanges was compared with changes in the composition and abundance of ballast tank phyto- and zooplankton taxa. Changes in the planktonic communities were measured by sampling the source port, the ballast water at the source and recipient ports and immediately before and after BWE, and the open ocean water during exchanges. Although exchanges appeared relatively effective at reducing the abundance (90 to 100%) of phyto- and zooplankton indicator taxa (i.e. taxa in the ballast water uploaded from the source port that were not present in open ocean samples or were present at |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3354/meps07016 |
| format | Article |
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The research was part of a larger project to develop methods for verifying whether international shipping has complied with mandatory controls and voluntary BWE guidelines. The dilution efficiency of exchanges was compared with changes in the composition and abundance of ballast tank phyto- and zooplankton taxa. Changes in the planktonic communities were measured by sampling the source port, the ballast water at the source and recipient ports and immediately before and after BWE, and the open ocean water during exchanges. Although exchanges appeared relatively effective at reducing the abundance (90 to 100%) of phyto- and zooplankton indicator taxa (i.e. taxa in the ballast water uploaded from the source port that were not present in open ocean samples or were present at <0.001 the original concentration), such reductions must be considered in the light of variation in survivorship in the control tank. Relatively high rates of mortality were associated with a rapid warming (i.e. 14.0 to 27.8°C) of the exchanged and control ballast tanks as the vessel entered the tropics. The rapid decline in the abundance of indicator taxa after BWE contrasted with a less effective reduction (i.e. 30.3 and 25.0% for the first and second exchanges, respectively) in the total number of phyto- and zooplankton taxa. Management controls and guidelines should place greater emphasis on whether the water uploaded during BWE is sufficiently oceanic to minimise the risk of uploading harmful coastal organisms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0171-8630</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1616-1599</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3354/meps07016</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Inter-Research</publisher><subject>Ballast tanks ; Ballast water ; Harbors ; Marine ; Oceans ; Ports ; Salinity ; Sea water ; Taxa ; Water tanks ; Zooplankton</subject><ispartof>Marine ecology. 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Progress series (Halstenbek)</title><description>A trans-Pacific voyage from Japan to New Zealand via Singapore was used to assess planktonic (and sediment-dwelling) communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange (BWE). The research was part of a larger project to develop methods for verifying whether international shipping has complied with mandatory controls and voluntary BWE guidelines. The dilution efficiency of exchanges was compared with changes in the composition and abundance of ballast tank phyto- and zooplankton taxa. Changes in the planktonic communities were measured by sampling the source port, the ballast water at the source and recipient ports and immediately before and after BWE, and the open ocean water during exchanges. Although exchanges appeared relatively effective at reducing the abundance (90 to 100%) of phyto- and zooplankton indicator taxa (i.e. taxa in the ballast water uploaded from the source port that were not present in open ocean samples or were present at <0.001 the original concentration), such reductions must be considered in the light of variation in survivorship in the control tank. Relatively high rates of mortality were associated with a rapid warming (i.e. 14.0 to 27.8°C) of the exchanged and control ballast tanks as the vessel entered the tropics. The rapid decline in the abundance of indicator taxa after BWE contrasted with a less effective reduction (i.e. 30.3 and 25.0% for the first and second exchanges, respectively) in the total number of phyto- and zooplankton taxa. Management controls and guidelines should place greater emphasis on whether the water uploaded during BWE is sufficiently oceanic to minimise the risk of uploading harmful coastal organisms.</description><subject>Ballast tanks</subject><subject>Ballast water</subject><subject>Harbors</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Ports</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sea water</subject><subject>Taxa</subject><subject>Water tanks</subject><subject>Zooplankton</subject><issn>0171-8630</issn><issn>1616-1599</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo90E1LxDAQBuAgCq6rB3-AkJPgoZqPJmmPsvgFC3pYz2WaTt3stklNuqj_3srKnuYwDy8zLyGXnN1KqfK7HofEDOP6iMy45jrjqiyPyYxxw7NCS3ZKzlLasEnkRs_IdhXBp-wNrGudpWnthjpAbOgYHXSJBk-HDvx2DH5a29D3O-9Gh4lCos43zsIY4uRaGgb0NFgET2voOkgj_YIRI8Vvuwb_gefkpJ0y8eJ_zsn748Nq8ZwtX59eFvfLzEpuxkw3ZVuzWukam1xYWSjGhSmsVaosCgkgUEtkVlnDC2EwF22ZY6PaUoNCC3JOrve5QwyfO0xj1btkcTrJY9ilSjDNjRFygjd7aGNIKWJbDdH1EH8qzqq_OqtDnZO92ttNmh4-QJEXRjCj5C8S2HQ0</recordid><startdate>20071122</startdate><enddate>20071122</enddate><creator>Taylor, Michael D.</creator><creator>MacKenzie, Lincoln M.</creator><creator>Dodgshun, Timothy J.</creator><creator>Hopkins, Grant A.</creator><creator>de Zwart, Eykolina J.</creator><creator>Hunt, Carlton D.</creator><general>Inter-Research</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20071122</creationdate><title>Trans-Pacific shipboard trials on planktonic communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange</title><author>Taylor, Michael D. ; MacKenzie, Lincoln M. ; Dodgshun, Timothy J. ; Hopkins, Grant A. ; de Zwart, Eykolina J. ; Hunt, Carlton D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-6d9fb0b56bed42c38501278cc559883aa2e63e0c5c71827e42f94ed5f96a5eca3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Ballast tanks</topic><topic>Ballast water</topic><topic>Harbors</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>Ports</topic><topic>Salinity</topic><topic>Sea water</topic><topic>Taxa</topic><topic>Water tanks</topic><topic>Zooplankton</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacKenzie, Lincoln M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dodgshun, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkins, Grant A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Zwart, Eykolina J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunt, Carlton D.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Taylor, Michael D.</au><au>MacKenzie, Lincoln M.</au><au>Dodgshun, Timothy J.</au><au>Hopkins, Grant A.</au><au>de Zwart, Eykolina J.</au><au>Hunt, Carlton D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trans-Pacific shipboard trials on planktonic communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange</atitle><jtitle>Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek)</jtitle><date>2007-11-22</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>350</volume><spage>41</spage><epage>54</epage><pages>41-54</pages><issn>0171-8630</issn><eissn>1616-1599</eissn><abstract>A trans-Pacific voyage from Japan to New Zealand via Singapore was used to assess planktonic (and sediment-dwelling) communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange (BWE). The research was part of a larger project to develop methods for verifying whether international shipping has complied with mandatory controls and voluntary BWE guidelines. The dilution efficiency of exchanges was compared with changes in the composition and abundance of ballast tank phyto- and zooplankton taxa. Changes in the planktonic communities were measured by sampling the source port, the ballast water at the source and recipient ports and immediately before and after BWE, and the open ocean water during exchanges. Although exchanges appeared relatively effective at reducing the abundance (90 to 100%) of phyto- and zooplankton indicator taxa (i.e. taxa in the ballast water uploaded from the source port that were not present in open ocean samples or were present at <0.001 the original concentration), such reductions must be considered in the light of variation in survivorship in the control tank. Relatively high rates of mortality were associated with a rapid warming (i.e. 14.0 to 27.8°C) of the exchanged and control ballast tanks as the vessel entered the tropics. The rapid decline in the abundance of indicator taxa after BWE contrasted with a less effective reduction (i.e. 30.3 and 25.0% for the first and second exchanges, respectively) in the total number of phyto- and zooplankton taxa. Management controls and guidelines should place greater emphasis on whether the water uploaded during BWE is sufficiently oceanic to minimise the risk of uploading harmful coastal organisms.</abstract><pub>Inter-Research</pub><doi>10.3354/meps07016</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek), 2007-11, Vol.350, p.41-54 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; Inter-Research; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Ballast tanks Ballast water Harbors Marine Oceans Ports Salinity Sea water Taxa Water tanks Zooplankton |
| title | Trans-Pacific shipboard trials on planktonic communities as indicators of open ocean ballast water exchange |
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