Amisulpride–CD-Loaded Liposomes: Optimization and In Vivo Evaluation

Amisulpride (AMS) is an atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia. The effect of different variables, i.e., the type of cyclodextrins (CDs), ratio of drug/CDs, and type of loading on the prepared AMS–CD liposomes (single and double loaded) was studied by applying 2 3 full factorial design. Double-loaded liposomes are loaded with AMS–hydroxyl propyl–β–cyclodextrin (HP–β–CD) in the aqueous phase and free drug in the lipophilic bilayer, while single-loaded liposomes are loaded only with AMS–HP–β–CD in the aqueous phase. Entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydespersibility, and zeta potential were selected as dependent variables. Design Expert® software was used to obtain an optimized formulation with high entrapment efficiency (64.55 ± 1.27%), average particle size of 40.1 ± 2.77 nm, polydespersibility of 0.44 ± 0.37, and zeta potential of − 48.8 ± 0.28. Optimized formula was evaluated for in vitro release, surface morphology and stability study was also conducted. AMS–HP–β–CD in double-loaded liposomes exhibited higher drug release than those in the conventional liposomes and in the single-loaded liposomes. The maximum plasma concentration ( C max ) of AMS in optimized AMS–HP–β–CD double-loaded liposomal formulation increased by 1.55- and 1.29-fold, as compared to the commercial tablets and conventional liposomes, respectively. However, the relative bioavailability of AMS double-loaded liposomes was 1.94- and 1.28-folds of commercial tablet and conventional liposomes, respectively.