Accumulation of Current-Use Pesticides in Neotropical Montane Forests

In Central America, chemical-intensive tropical agriculture takes place in close proximity to highly valued and biologically diverse ecosystems, yet the potential for atmospheric transport of pesticides from plantations to national parks and other reserves is poorly characterized. The specific meteo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science & technology 2007-02, Vol.41 (4), p.1118-1123
Hauptverfasser: Daly, Gillian L, Lei, Ying D, Teixeira, Camilla, Muir, Derek C. G, Castillo, Luisa E, Wania, Frank
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container_issue 4
container_start_page 1118
container_title Environmental science & technology
container_volume 41
creator Daly, Gillian L
Lei, Ying D
Teixeira, Camilla
Muir, Derek C. G
Castillo, Luisa E
Wania, Frank
description In Central America, chemical-intensive tropical agriculture takes place in close proximity to highly valued and biologically diverse ecosystems, yet the potential for atmospheric transport of pesticides from plantations to national parks and other reserves is poorly characterized. The specific meteorological conditions of mountain ranges can lead to contaminant convergence at high altitudes, raising particular concern for montane forest ecosystems downwind from pesticide use areas. Here we show, based on a wide-ranging air and soil sampling campaign across Costa Rica, that soils in some neotropical montane forests indeed display much higher concentrations of currently used pesticides than soils elsewhere in the country. Specifically, elevated concentrations of the fungicide chlorothalonil, the herbicide dacthal, and the insecticide metabolite endosulfan sulfate on volcanoes Barva and Poas, lying directly downwind of the extensive banana plantations of the Caribbean lowland, indicate the occurrence of atmospheric transport and wet deposition of pesticides at high altitudes. Calculations with a contaminant fate model, designed for mountain regions and parametrized to the Costa Rican environment, show that chemicals with a log K AW between −3 and −5 have a greater potential for accumulation at high altitudes. This enrichment behavior is quantified by the Mountain Contamination Potential and is sensitive to contaminant degradability. The modeling work supports the hypothesis suggested by the field results that it is enhanced precipitation scavenging at high elevations (caused by lower temperatures and governed by K AW) that causes pesticides to accumulate in tropical montane areas. By providing for the first time evidence of significant transfer of currently used pesticides to Central American montane cloud forests, this study highlights the need to evaluate the risk that tropical agricultural practices place on the region's ecological reserves.
doi_str_mv 10.1021/es0622709
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subjects Agricultural management
Agricultural pollution
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Air Movements
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air pollution
Altitude
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Applied sciences
Atmosphere
Biological and medical sciences
Chemical contaminants
Costa Rica
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on plants and fungi
Endosulfan - analysis
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Exact sciences and technology
Forests
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Global environmental pollution
Mountains
Musa
Nitriles - analysis
Pesticides
Pesticides - analysis
Phthalic Acids - analysis
Poa
Pollution
Pollution, environment geology
Soil and water pollution
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil science
Trees
Tropical Climate
title Accumulation of Current-Use Pesticides in Neotropical Montane Forests
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