Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs
Purpose To measure IOP in animals, it is often necessary to use topical anesthetics. The use of these drugs may cause changes in IOP and interfere with the final results. To address this issue, the effects of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on IOP were i...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International ophthalmology 2019-07, Vol.39 (7), p.1467-1474 |
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description | Purpose
To measure IOP in animals, it is often necessary to use topical anesthetics. The use of these drugs may cause changes in IOP and interfere with the final results. To address this issue, the effects of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on IOP were investigated in ten adult dogs.
Methods
One drop of tetracaine was instilled in the right eye of half of the dogs and in the left eye of the other dogs; normal saline was instilled in the fellow eyes. The IOP in each dog was measured before and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min after drug instillation using an electronic rebound tonometer. The effects of the other anesthetics were studied in the same way at intervals of at least 1 week.
Results
After instillation of tetracaine, the IOP decreased gradually, such that after 15 min, the IOP was significantly lower than the baseline (
p
= 0.022) and control values (
p
= 0.048). Proparacaine also reduced IOP after 10 min compared to baseline values (
p
= 0.046), but the two other drugs, bupivacaine and lidocaine, had no significant effect on IOP. The duration of eye anesthesia was 16, 20, 22, and 34 min for tetracaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and proparacaine, respectively.
Conclusion
We recommend using drugs that combine inducing longer anesthesia with producing the smallest change in IOP, such as bupivacaine and, subsequently, lidocaine. Tetracaine and proparacaine have a significant effect on IOP, and if these drugs are used, this effect should be considered. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10792-018-0969-0 |
format | Article |
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To measure IOP in animals, it is often necessary to use topical anesthetics. The use of these drugs may cause changes in IOP and interfere with the final results. To address this issue, the effects of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on IOP were investigated in ten adult dogs.
Methods
One drop of tetracaine was instilled in the right eye of half of the dogs and in the left eye of the other dogs; normal saline was instilled in the fellow eyes. The IOP in each dog was measured before and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min after drug instillation using an electronic rebound tonometer. The effects of the other anesthetics were studied in the same way at intervals of at least 1 week.
Results
After instillation of tetracaine, the IOP decreased gradually, such that after 15 min, the IOP was significantly lower than the baseline (
p
= 0.022) and control values (
p
= 0.048). Proparacaine also reduced IOP after 10 min compared to baseline values (
p
= 0.046), but the two other drugs, bupivacaine and lidocaine, had no significant effect on IOP. The duration of eye anesthesia was 16, 20, 22, and 34 min for tetracaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and proparacaine, respectively.
Conclusion
We recommend using drugs that combine inducing longer anesthesia with producing the smallest change in IOP, such as bupivacaine and, subsequently, lidocaine. Tetracaine and proparacaine have a significant effect on IOP, and if these drugs are used, this effect should be considered.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0165-5701</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2630</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0969-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29934932</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine ; Dogs ; Drugs ; Eye ; Intraocular pressure ; Lidocaine ; Local anesthesia ; Local anesthetics ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Ophthalmology ; Original Paper ; Tetracaine</subject><ispartof>International ophthalmology, 2019-07, Vol.39 (7), p.1467-1474</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature B.V. 2018</rights><rights>International Ophthalmology is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-5295b4221aede089d9440de0cce17dd0558e74af653b156b98f8f31ef1737fda3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-5295b4221aede089d9440de0cce17dd0558e74af653b156b98f8f31ef1737fda3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4856-6244</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10792-018-0969-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10792-018-0969-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29934932$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sarchahi, Ali Asghar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eskandari, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs</title><title>International ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Int Ophthalmol</addtitle><addtitle>Int Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>Purpose
To measure IOP in animals, it is often necessary to use topical anesthetics. The use of these drugs may cause changes in IOP and interfere with the final results. To address this issue, the effects of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on IOP were investigated in ten adult dogs.
Methods
One drop of tetracaine was instilled in the right eye of half of the dogs and in the left eye of the other dogs; normal saline was instilled in the fellow eyes. The IOP in each dog was measured before and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min after drug instillation using an electronic rebound tonometer. The effects of the other anesthetics were studied in the same way at intervals of at least 1 week.
Results
After instillation of tetracaine, the IOP decreased gradually, such that after 15 min, the IOP was significantly lower than the baseline (
p
= 0.022) and control values (
p
= 0.048). Proparacaine also reduced IOP after 10 min compared to baseline values (
p
= 0.046), but the two other drugs, bupivacaine and lidocaine, had no significant effect on IOP. The duration of eye anesthesia was 16, 20, 22, and 34 min for tetracaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and proparacaine, respectively.
Conclusion
We recommend using drugs that combine inducing longer anesthesia with producing the smallest change in IOP, such as bupivacaine and, subsequently, lidocaine. Tetracaine and proparacaine have a significant effect on IOP, and if these drugs are used, this effect should be considered.</description><subject>Anesthesia</subject><subject>Anesthetics</subject><subject>Bupivacaine</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Eye</subject><subject>Intraocular pressure</subject><subject>Lidocaine</subject><subject>Local anesthesia</subject><subject>Local anesthetics</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Tetracaine</subject><issn>0165-5701</issn><issn>1573-2630</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1P3DAQhq2qqCy0P4BLZakXkEg7tuM4PiK0fEhIXOjZcuwxDcrGWzsB9d_XNFuQkDh57Hne-fBLyBGD7wxA_cgMlOYVsLYC3egKPpAVk0pUvBHwkayANbKSCtg-Ocj5AQC00s0nss-1FrUWfEWe1iGgm2gMNMQ50SE6O1A7Yp5-4dS7TI8nnJJ1th_xlG5T3NqX29D7uAvt6Gk3b_vHJXdC40j7sQijmwebihBznhOWR-rjff5M9oIdMn7ZnYfk58X67vyqurm9vD4_u6mcUHyqJNeyqzlnFj1Cq72uayiRc8iU9yBli6q2oZGiY7LpdBvaIBgGpoQK3opDcrzULZP_nstWZtNnh8NQVoxzNhxkK0E2sinotzfoQ_mRsUz3j2LQClUXii2USzHnhMFsU7-x6Y9hYJ5dMYsrprhinl0xUDRfd5XnboP-RfHfhgLwBcglNd5jem39ftW_ik6YLQ</recordid><startdate>20190701</startdate><enddate>20190701</enddate><creator>Sarchahi, Ali Asghar</creator><creator>Eskandari, Mehdi</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6244</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190701</creationdate><title>Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs</title><author>Sarchahi, Ali Asghar ; Eskandari, Mehdi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-5295b4221aede089d9440de0cce17dd0558e74af653b156b98f8f31ef1737fda3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Anesthesia</topic><topic>Anesthetics</topic><topic>Bupivacaine</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Eye</topic><topic>Intraocular pressure</topic><topic>Lidocaine</topic><topic>Local anesthesia</topic><topic>Local anesthetics</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Tetracaine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sarchahi, Ali Asghar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eskandari, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sarchahi, Ali Asghar</au><au>Eskandari, Mehdi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs</atitle><jtitle>International ophthalmology</jtitle><stitle>Int Ophthalmol</stitle><addtitle>Int Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2019-07-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1467</spage><epage>1474</epage><pages>1467-1474</pages><issn>0165-5701</issn><eissn>1573-2630</eissn><abstract>Purpose
To measure IOP in animals, it is often necessary to use topical anesthetics. The use of these drugs may cause changes in IOP and interfere with the final results. To address this issue, the effects of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on IOP were investigated in ten adult dogs.
Methods
One drop of tetracaine was instilled in the right eye of half of the dogs and in the left eye of the other dogs; normal saline was instilled in the fellow eyes. The IOP in each dog was measured before and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min after drug instillation using an electronic rebound tonometer. The effects of the other anesthetics were studied in the same way at intervals of at least 1 week.
Results
After instillation of tetracaine, the IOP decreased gradually, such that after 15 min, the IOP was significantly lower than the baseline (
p
= 0.022) and control values (
p
= 0.048). Proparacaine also reduced IOP after 10 min compared to baseline values (
p
= 0.046), but the two other drugs, bupivacaine and lidocaine, had no significant effect on IOP. The duration of eye anesthesia was 16, 20, 22, and 34 min for tetracaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and proparacaine, respectively.
Conclusion
We recommend using drugs that combine inducing longer anesthesia with producing the smallest change in IOP, such as bupivacaine and, subsequently, lidocaine. Tetracaine and proparacaine have a significant effect on IOP, and if these drugs are used, this effect should be considered.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>29934932</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10792-018-0969-0</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6244</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | SpringerNature Journals |
subjects | Anesthesia Anesthetics Bupivacaine Dogs Drugs Eye Intraocular pressure Lidocaine Local anesthesia Local anesthetics Medicine Medicine & Public Health Ophthalmology Original Paper Tetracaine |
title | Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs |
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