Two Chloroplast-Localized Proteins: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B, Contribute to Callose Deposition During Nonhost Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis
Plants are naturally resistant to most pathogens through a broad and durable defense response called nonhost disease resistance. Nonhost disease resistance is a complex process that includes preformed physical and chemical barriers and induced responses. In spite of its importance, many components o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2018-12, Vol.31 (12), p.1280-1290 |
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| container_title | Molecular plant-microbe interactions |
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| creator | Singh, Raksha Lee, Seonghee Ortega, Laura Ramu, Vemanna S Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa Blancaflor, Elison B Rojas, Clemencia M Mysore, Kirankumar S |
| description | Plants are naturally resistant to most pathogens through a broad and durable defense response called nonhost disease resistance. Nonhost disease resistance is a complex process that includes preformed physical and chemical barriers and induced responses. In spite of its importance, many components of nonhost disease resistance remain to be identified and characterized. Using virus-induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana, we discovered a novel gene that we named NbNHR2 (N. benthamiana nonhost resistance 2). NbNHR2-silenced plants were susceptible to the nonadapted pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1, which does not cause disease in wild-type or nonsilenced N. benthamiana plants. We found two orthologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B. Similar to the results obtained in N. benthamiana, Atnhr2a and Atnhr2b mutants were susceptible to the nonadapted bacterial pathogen of A. thaliana, P. syringae pv. tabaci. We further found that these mutants were also defective in callose deposition. AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B fluorescent protein fusions transiently expressed in N. benthamiana localized predominantly to chloroplasts and a few unidentified dynamic puncta. RFP-AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B-GFP displayed overlapping signals in chloroplasts, indicating that the two proteins could interact, an idea supported by coimmunoprecipitation studies. We propose that AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B are new components of a chloroplast-signaling pathway that activates callose deposition to the cell wall in response to bacterial pathogens. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1094/MPMI-04-18-0094-R |
| format | Article |
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Nonhost disease resistance is a complex process that includes preformed physical and chemical barriers and induced responses. In spite of its importance, many components of nonhost disease resistance remain to be identified and characterized. Using virus-induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana, we discovered a novel gene that we named NbNHR2 (N. benthamiana nonhost resistance 2). NbNHR2-silenced plants were susceptible to the nonadapted pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1, which does not cause disease in wild-type or nonsilenced N. benthamiana plants. We found two orthologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B. Similar to the results obtained in N. benthamiana, Atnhr2a and Atnhr2b mutants were susceptible to the nonadapted bacterial pathogen of A. thaliana, P. syringae pv. tabaci. We further found that these mutants were also defective in callose deposition. AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B fluorescent protein fusions transiently expressed in N. benthamiana localized predominantly to chloroplasts and a few unidentified dynamic puncta. RFP-AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B-GFP displayed overlapping signals in chloroplasts, indicating that the two proteins could interact, an idea supported by coimmunoprecipitation studies. We propose that AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B are new components of a chloroplast-signaling pathway that activates callose deposition to the cell wall in response to bacterial pathogens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-0282</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1943-7706</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-04-18-0094-R</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29877165</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Phytopathological Society</publisher><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis - immunology ; Arabidopsis - microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ; Cell walls ; Chloroplast Proteins - genetics ; Chloroplast Proteins - metabolism ; Chloroplasts ; Deposition ; Disease Resistance ; Fluorescence ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene silencing ; Genes, Reporter ; Glucans - metabolism ; Green fluorescent protein ; Mutants ; Mutation ; Nicotiana - genetics ; Nicotiana - immunology ; Nicotiana - microbiology ; Organic chemistry ; Pathogens ; Plant diseases ; Plant Diseases - immunology ; Plant Diseases - microbiology ; Plant Leaves - genetics ; Plant Leaves - immunology ; Plant Leaves - microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Proteins ; Pseudomonas syringae - physiology ; Seedlings - genetics ; Seedlings - immunology ; Seedlings - microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tomatoes ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Molecular plant-microbe interactions, 2018-12, Vol.31 (12), p.1280-1290</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Phytopathological Society Dec 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-bab20c08791f7dd282d08f2dc28591c54c189531417fa6e3767558425a1717dc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-bab20c08791f7dd282d08f2dc28591c54c189531417fa6e3767558425a1717dc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1502-1659 ; 0000-0001-9798-2060 ; 0000-0002-8339-3043</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29877165$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Singh, Raksha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Seonghee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortega, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramu, Vemanna S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blancaflor, Elison B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Clemencia M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mysore, Kirankumar S</creatorcontrib><title>Two Chloroplast-Localized Proteins: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B, Contribute to Callose Deposition During Nonhost Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis</title><title>Molecular plant-microbe interactions</title><addtitle>Mol Plant Microbe Interact</addtitle><description>Plants are naturally resistant to most pathogens through a broad and durable defense response called nonhost disease resistance. Nonhost disease resistance is a complex process that includes preformed physical and chemical barriers and induced responses. In spite of its importance, many components of nonhost disease resistance remain to be identified and characterized. Using virus-induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana, we discovered a novel gene that we named NbNHR2 (N. benthamiana nonhost resistance 2). NbNHR2-silenced plants were susceptible to the nonadapted pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1, which does not cause disease in wild-type or nonsilenced N. benthamiana plants. We found two orthologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B. Similar to the results obtained in N. benthamiana, Atnhr2a and Atnhr2b mutants were susceptible to the nonadapted bacterial pathogen of A. thaliana, P. syringae pv. tabaci. We further found that these mutants were also defective in callose deposition. AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B fluorescent protein fusions transiently expressed in N. benthamiana localized predominantly to chloroplasts and a few unidentified dynamic puncta. RFP-AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B-GFP displayed overlapping signals in chloroplasts, indicating that the two proteins could interact, an idea supported by coimmunoprecipitation studies. We propose that AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B are new components of a chloroplast-signaling pathway that activates callose deposition to the cell wall in response to bacterial pathogens.</description><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - immunology</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - microbiology</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Chloroplast Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Chloroplast Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Chloroplasts</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Disease Resistance</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Gene silencing</subject><subject>Genes, Reporter</subject><subject>Glucans - metabolism</subject><subject>Green fluorescent protein</subject><subject>Mutants</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Nicotiana - genetics</subject><subject>Nicotiana - immunology</subject><subject>Nicotiana - microbiology</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Plant diseases</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - microbiology</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Pseudomonas syringae - physiology</subject><subject>Seedlings - genetics</subject><subject>Seedlings - immunology</subject><subject>Seedlings - microbiology</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Tomatoes</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>0894-0282</issn><issn>1943-7706</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc9uEzEQxi1ERdPCA3BBlrhwqMH2-t9yCwm0ldJSReVseb1e6mpjb22vEDwCT42jphx6mplPv_k0ow-AtwR_JLhln65uri4RZogohOuMti_AgrSsQVJi8RIssKoipooeg5Oc7zEmreD8FTimrZKSCL4Af29_Rbi6G2OK02hyQZtozej_uB7epFicD_kzXJbriy1dQhP6Q__lDK5iKMl3c3GwVAszjjE7uHZTzL74GOB6Tj78hNcx3MVc4NpnZyqxddnnYoJ10Ae4TKbzfZyq9hocDWbM7s2hnoIf377eri7Q5vv55Wq5QZZRXFBnOootVrIlg-z7-l2P1UB7SxVvieXMEtXyhjAiByNcI4XkXDHKDZFE9rY5BR8efacUH2aXi975bN04muDinDXFnAjBGyUq-v4Zeh_nFOp1mhKBG84kZ5Uij5RNMefkBj0lvzPptyZY74PS-6A0ZpoovQ9Kb-vOu4Pz3O1c_3_jKZnmH5p3jc4</recordid><startdate>201812</startdate><enddate>201812</enddate><creator>Singh, Raksha</creator><creator>Lee, Seonghee</creator><creator>Ortega, Laura</creator><creator>Ramu, Vemanna S</creator><creator>Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa</creator><creator>Blancaflor, Elison B</creator><creator>Rojas, Clemencia M</creator><creator>Mysore, Kirankumar S</creator><general>American Phytopathological Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-1659</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-2060</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-3043</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201812</creationdate><title>Two Chloroplast-Localized Proteins: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B, Contribute to Callose Deposition During Nonhost Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis</title><author>Singh, Raksha ; Lee, Seonghee ; Ortega, Laura ; Ramu, Vemanna S ; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa ; Blancaflor, Elison B ; Rojas, Clemencia M ; Mysore, Kirankumar S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-bab20c08791f7dd282d08f2dc28591c54c189531417fa6e3767558425a1717dc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Arabidopsis - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - immunology</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - microbiology</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell walls</topic><topic>Chloroplast Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Chloroplast Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Chloroplasts</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>Disease Resistance</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Gene silencing</topic><topic>Genes, Reporter</topic><topic>Glucans - metabolism</topic><topic>Green fluorescent protein</topic><topic>Mutants</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Nicotiana - genetics</topic><topic>Nicotiana - immunology</topic><topic>Nicotiana - microbiology</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Plant diseases</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - microbiology</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - immunology</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - microbiology</topic><topic>Plants, Genetically Modified</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Pseudomonas syringae - physiology</topic><topic>Seedlings - genetics</topic><topic>Seedlings - immunology</topic><topic>Seedlings - microbiology</topic><topic>Signal Transduction</topic><topic>Tomatoes</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Singh, Raksha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Seonghee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortega, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramu, Vemanna S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blancaflor, Elison B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Clemencia M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mysore, Kirankumar S</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Molecular plant-microbe interactions</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Singh, Raksha</au><au>Lee, Seonghee</au><au>Ortega, Laura</au><au>Ramu, Vemanna S</au><au>Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa</au><au>Blancaflor, Elison B</au><au>Rojas, Clemencia M</au><au>Mysore, Kirankumar S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Two Chloroplast-Localized Proteins: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B, Contribute to Callose Deposition During Nonhost Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis</atitle><jtitle>Molecular plant-microbe interactions</jtitle><addtitle>Mol Plant Microbe Interact</addtitle><date>2018-12</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1280</spage><epage>1290</epage><pages>1280-1290</pages><issn>0894-0282</issn><eissn>1943-7706</eissn><abstract>Plants are naturally resistant to most pathogens through a broad and durable defense response called nonhost disease resistance. Nonhost disease resistance is a complex process that includes preformed physical and chemical barriers and induced responses. In spite of its importance, many components of nonhost disease resistance remain to be identified and characterized. Using virus-induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana, we discovered a novel gene that we named NbNHR2 (N. benthamiana nonhost resistance 2). NbNHR2-silenced plants were susceptible to the nonadapted pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1, which does not cause disease in wild-type or nonsilenced N. benthamiana plants. We found two orthologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B. Similar to the results obtained in N. benthamiana, Atnhr2a and Atnhr2b mutants were susceptible to the nonadapted bacterial pathogen of A. thaliana, P. syringae pv. tabaci. We further found that these mutants were also defective in callose deposition. AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B fluorescent protein fusions transiently expressed in N. benthamiana localized predominantly to chloroplasts and a few unidentified dynamic puncta. RFP-AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B-GFP displayed overlapping signals in chloroplasts, indicating that the two proteins could interact, an idea supported by coimmunoprecipitation studies. We propose that AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B are new components of a chloroplast-signaling pathway that activates callose deposition to the cell wall in response to bacterial pathogens.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Phytopathological Society</pub><pmid>29877165</pmid><doi>10.1094/MPMI-04-18-0094-R</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-1659</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-2060</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-3043</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - immunology Arabidopsis - microbiology Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Cell walls Chloroplast Proteins - genetics Chloroplast Proteins - metabolism Chloroplasts Deposition Disease Resistance Fluorescence Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Gene silencing Genes, Reporter Glucans - metabolism Green fluorescent protein Mutants Mutation Nicotiana - genetics Nicotiana - immunology Nicotiana - microbiology Organic chemistry Pathogens Plant diseases Plant Diseases - immunology Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant Leaves - genetics Plant Leaves - immunology Plant Leaves - microbiology Plants, Genetically Modified Proteins Pseudomonas syringae - physiology Seedlings - genetics Seedlings - immunology Seedlings - microbiology Signal Transduction Tomatoes Viruses |
| title | Two Chloroplast-Localized Proteins: AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B, Contribute to Callose Deposition During Nonhost Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis |
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