Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle are higher in children with patellar instability
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the variations in tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle as a function of age and gender in a population of children without patellar instability (PI) compared with those with PI. Methods A retrospective review of 869 children’s knee MRIs,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2018-12, Vol.26 (12), p.3566-3571 |
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| container_title | Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA |
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| creator | Bayhan, Ilhan A. Kirat, Akay Alpay, Yakup Ozkul, Baris Kargin, Deniz |
| description | Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the variations in tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle as a function of age and gender in a population of children without patellar instability (PI) compared with those with PI.
Methods
A retrospective review of 869 children’s knee MRIs, ages 5 to 15 years, were evaluated using a control group (792 children) without evidence of PI and a group with PI (77 children). Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT–TGd) and angle (TT–TGa) were measured twice by two readers to assess intra- and inter-observer reliability and compared between PI and control groups. In both groups, functions of age and gender on TT–TGd and TT–TGa values were evaluated.
Results
Both TT–TGd and TT–TGa measurements showed excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability. The mean TT–TGd for the PI group was 17.2 mm (SD 6.6) and significantly higher than the mean TT–TGd for the control group (10.4 SD 3.8 mm,
P
= 0.001). The mean TT–TGa for the PI was 20.8° (SD 8.3°), which was also significantly higher than the mean TT–TGa for the control group (12.5° SD 4.6°,
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00167-018-4997-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2049558649</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2048627954</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-ab45a2629bfa86080b108d973a95682c5b92ed156f42376105eee9b6f95b30733</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc2KFTEQhYMozp3RB3AjATduWiv_naUMow4MuBnXIemuvp0ht_uadCuz8x18Q5_ENHdUEFyEFNR3TlVyCHnB4A0DMG8LANOmAdY20tpaPCI7JoVojJDmMdmBlbzhoPQZOS_lDqCW0j4lZ9y2qtVK7shwG0P0iS5rwNwl_Pn9x5LnbkzoM93nef6KtI9l8VOH1E99PftUq4x0jPsRM40T7caY-owT_RaXkR79gin5rVN1Iaa43D8jTwafCj5_uC_I5_dXt5cfm5tPH64v3900nTB8aXyQynPNbRh8q6GFwKDtrRHeKt3yTgXLsWdKD5ILoxkoRLRBD1YFAUaIC_L65HvM85cVy-IOsXTbOhPOa3EcpFX16dJW9NU_6N285qlut1Gt5sYqWSl2oro8l5JxcMccDz7fOwZuC8GdQnA1BLeF4KBqXj44r-GA_R_F71-vAD8BpbamPea_o__v-gvO15LD</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2048627954</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle are higher in children with patellar instability</title><source>Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Bayhan, Ilhan A. ; Kirat, Akay ; Alpay, Yakup ; Ozkul, Baris ; Kargin, Deniz</creator><creatorcontrib>Bayhan, Ilhan A. ; Kirat, Akay ; Alpay, Yakup ; Ozkul, Baris ; Kargin, Deniz</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the variations in tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle as a function of age and gender in a population of children without patellar instability (PI) compared with those with PI.
Methods
A retrospective review of 869 children’s knee MRIs, ages 5 to 15 years, were evaluated using a control group (792 children) without evidence of PI and a group with PI (77 children). Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT–TGd) and angle (TT–TGa) were measured twice by two readers to assess intra- and inter-observer reliability and compared between PI and control groups. In both groups, functions of age and gender on TT–TGd and TT–TGa values were evaluated.
Results
Both TT–TGd and TT–TGa measurements showed excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability. The mean TT–TGd for the PI group was 17.2 mm (SD 6.6) and significantly higher than the mean TT–TGd for the control group (10.4 SD 3.8 mm,
P
= 0.001). The mean TT–TGa for the PI was 20.8° (SD 8.3°), which was also significantly higher than the mean TT–TGa for the control group (12.5° SD 4.6°,
P
< 0.001). Control group revealed a positive correlation between age and TT–TGd measurements (
r
= 0.243,
P
< 0.001). The mean TT–TGa for girls (13.3° SD 4.7°) was higher than the mean TT–TGa for boys (11.9° SD 4.4°) in the control group (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
TT–TGa and TT–TGd are reliable and can be used for the evaluation of the extansor mechanism alignment in children with and without PI. However, it must be considered that TT–TGd is increasing in growing patients. Soft-tissue procedures may be prone to failure, since bony procedures for patellar alignment cannot be done until skeletal maturity.
Level of evidence
III.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0942-2056</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-7347</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-4997-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29858654</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Age ; Alignment ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Female ; Femur - diagnostic imaging ; Girls ; Humans ; Joint Instability - physiopathology ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Orthopedics ; Patellofemoral Joint - diagnostic imaging ; Patellofemoral Joint - physiopathology ; Reliability analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Stability ; Stability analysis ; Tibia - diagnostic imaging</subject><ispartof>Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2018-12, Vol.26 (12), p.3566-3571</ispartof><rights>European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA) 2018</rights><rights>Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-ab45a2629bfa86080b108d973a95682c5b92ed156f42376105eee9b6f95b30733</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-ab45a2629bfa86080b108d973a95682c5b92ed156f42376105eee9b6f95b30733</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00167-018-4997-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00167-018-4997-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29858654$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bayhan, Ilhan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirat, Akay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alpay, Yakup</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozkul, Baris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kargin, Deniz</creatorcontrib><title>Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle are higher in children with patellar instability</title><title>Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA</title><addtitle>Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc</addtitle><addtitle>Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc</addtitle><description>Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the variations in tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle as a function of age and gender in a population of children without patellar instability (PI) compared with those with PI.
Methods
A retrospective review of 869 children’s knee MRIs, ages 5 to 15 years, were evaluated using a control group (792 children) without evidence of PI and a group with PI (77 children). Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT–TGd) and angle (TT–TGa) were measured twice by two readers to assess intra- and inter-observer reliability and compared between PI and control groups. In both groups, functions of age and gender on TT–TGd and TT–TGa values were evaluated.
Results
Both TT–TGd and TT–TGa measurements showed excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability. The mean TT–TGd for the PI group was 17.2 mm (SD 6.6) and significantly higher than the mean TT–TGd for the control group (10.4 SD 3.8 mm,
P
= 0.001). The mean TT–TGa for the PI was 20.8° (SD 8.3°), which was also significantly higher than the mean TT–TGa for the control group (12.5° SD 4.6°,
P
< 0.001). Control group revealed a positive correlation between age and TT–TGd measurements (
r
= 0.243,
P
< 0.001). The mean TT–TGa for girls (13.3° SD 4.7°) was higher than the mean TT–TGa for boys (11.9° SD 4.4°) in the control group (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
TT–TGa and TT–TGd are reliable and can be used for the evaluation of the extansor mechanism alignment in children with and without PI. However, it must be considered that TT–TGd is increasing in growing patients. Soft-tissue procedures may be prone to failure, since bony procedures for patellar alignment cannot be done until skeletal maturity.
Level of evidence
III.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Alignment</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Femur - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Joint Instability - physiopathology</subject><subject>Knee</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Patellofemoral Joint - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Patellofemoral Joint - physiopathology</subject><subject>Reliability analysis</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Stability</subject><subject>Stability analysis</subject><subject>Tibia - diagnostic imaging</subject><issn>0942-2056</issn><issn>1433-7347</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc2KFTEQhYMozp3RB3AjATduWiv_naUMow4MuBnXIemuvp0ht_uadCuz8x18Q5_ENHdUEFyEFNR3TlVyCHnB4A0DMG8LANOmAdY20tpaPCI7JoVojJDmMdmBlbzhoPQZOS_lDqCW0j4lZ9y2qtVK7shwG0P0iS5rwNwl_Pn9x5LnbkzoM93nef6KtI9l8VOH1E99PftUq4x0jPsRM40T7caY-owT_RaXkR79gin5rVN1Iaa43D8jTwafCj5_uC_I5_dXt5cfm5tPH64v3900nTB8aXyQynPNbRh8q6GFwKDtrRHeKt3yTgXLsWdKD5ILoxkoRLRBD1YFAUaIC_L65HvM85cVy-IOsXTbOhPOa3EcpFX16dJW9NU_6N285qlut1Gt5sYqWSl2oro8l5JxcMccDz7fOwZuC8GdQnA1BLeF4KBqXj44r-GA_R_F71-vAD8BpbamPea_o__v-gvO15LD</recordid><startdate>20181201</startdate><enddate>20181201</enddate><creator>Bayhan, Ilhan A.</creator><creator>Kirat, Akay</creator><creator>Alpay, Yakup</creator><creator>Ozkul, Baris</creator><creator>Kargin, Deniz</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20181201</creationdate><title>Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle are higher in children with patellar instability</title><author>Bayhan, Ilhan A. ; Kirat, Akay ; Alpay, Yakup ; Ozkul, Baris ; Kargin, Deniz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-ab45a2629bfa86080b108d973a95682c5b92ed156f42376105eee9b6f95b30733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Alignment</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Femur - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Girls</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Joint Instability - physiopathology</topic><topic>Knee</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Patellofemoral Joint - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Patellofemoral Joint - physiopathology</topic><topic>Reliability analysis</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Stability</topic><topic>Stability analysis</topic><topic>Tibia - diagnostic imaging</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bayhan, Ilhan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirat, Akay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alpay, Yakup</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozkul, Baris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kargin, Deniz</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bayhan, Ilhan A.</au><au>Kirat, Akay</au><au>Alpay, Yakup</au><au>Ozkul, Baris</au><au>Kargin, Deniz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle are higher in children with patellar instability</atitle><jtitle>Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA</jtitle><stitle>Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc</stitle><addtitle>Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc</addtitle><date>2018-12-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3566</spage><epage>3571</epage><pages>3566-3571</pages><issn>0942-2056</issn><eissn>1433-7347</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the variations in tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle as a function of age and gender in a population of children without patellar instability (PI) compared with those with PI.
Methods
A retrospective review of 869 children’s knee MRIs, ages 5 to 15 years, were evaluated using a control group (792 children) without evidence of PI and a group with PI (77 children). Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT–TGd) and angle (TT–TGa) were measured twice by two readers to assess intra- and inter-observer reliability and compared between PI and control groups. In both groups, functions of age and gender on TT–TGd and TT–TGa values were evaluated.
Results
Both TT–TGd and TT–TGa measurements showed excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability. The mean TT–TGd for the PI group was 17.2 mm (SD 6.6) and significantly higher than the mean TT–TGd for the control group (10.4 SD 3.8 mm,
P
= 0.001). The mean TT–TGa for the PI was 20.8° (SD 8.3°), which was also significantly higher than the mean TT–TGa for the control group (12.5° SD 4.6°,
P
< 0.001). Control group revealed a positive correlation between age and TT–TGd measurements (
r
= 0.243,
P
< 0.001). The mean TT–TGa for girls (13.3° SD 4.7°) was higher than the mean TT–TGa for boys (11.9° SD 4.4°) in the control group (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
TT–TGa and TT–TGd are reliable and can be used for the evaluation of the extansor mechanism alignment in children with and without PI. However, it must be considered that TT–TGd is increasing in growing patients. Soft-tissue procedures may be prone to failure, since bony procedures for patellar alignment cannot be done until skeletal maturity.
Level of evidence
III.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>29858654</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00167-018-4997-0</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0942-2056 |
| ispartof | Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2018-12, Vol.26 (12), p.3566-3571 |
| issn | 0942-2056 1433-7347 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adolescent Age Alignment Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Children Female Femur - diagnostic imaging Girls Humans Joint Instability - physiopathology Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Orthopedics Patellofemoral Joint - diagnostic imaging Patellofemoral Joint - physiopathology Reliability analysis Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Stability Stability analysis Tibia - diagnostic imaging |
| title | Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and angle are higher in children with patellar instability |
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