Melancholia agitata and mixed depression
Objective: The diagnostic entity of major depressive episode includes both simple and agitated or mixed depression. Mixed depression is characterized by a full depressive episode with several symptoms of excitatory nature. Mixed depressions worsen if treated with antidepressants. Method: We have r...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2007-02, Vol.115 (s433), p.50-57 |
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| container_title | Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica |
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| creator | Koukopoulos, A. Sani, G. Koukopoulos, A. E. Manfredi, G. Pacchiarotti, I. Girardi, P. |
| description | Objective: The diagnostic entity of major depressive episode includes both simple and agitated or mixed depression. Mixed depression is characterized by a full depressive episode with several symptoms of excitatory nature. Mixed depressions worsen if treated with antidepressants.
Method: We have reviewed the clinical charts of the 2141 patients treated at the Centro Lucio Bini of Rome from January 1999 to June 2006. These patients were diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria. Research diagnostic criteria were applied for agitated depression with motor agitation and Author's diagnostic criteria for agitated depression without motor agitation.
Results: One thousand and twenty‐six patients had a depressive episode as index episode. Three hundred and forty six (33%) were mixed depressive states. One hundred and thirty eight (44%) of them were spontaneous; in 173 cases, the onset of the mixed depression was associated with antidepressants.
Conclusion: Psychic and motor agitation are considered equally important for the definition of agitated depression. Treating agitated depression with antidepressants worsens the clinical picture. The use of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), neuroleptics and anticonvulsants are recommended. The term Melancholia Agitata is proposed for agitated (mixed) depression. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00963.x |
| format | Article |
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Method: We have reviewed the clinical charts of the 2141 patients treated at the Centro Lucio Bini of Rome from January 1999 to June 2006. These patients were diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria. Research diagnostic criteria were applied for agitated depression with motor agitation and Author's diagnostic criteria for agitated depression without motor agitation.
Results: One thousand and twenty‐six patients had a depressive episode as index episode. Three hundred and forty six (33%) were mixed depressive states. One hundred and thirty eight (44%) of them were spontaneous; in 173 cases, the onset of the mixed depression was associated with antidepressants.
Conclusion: Psychic and motor agitation are considered equally important for the definition of agitated depression. Treating agitated depression with antidepressants worsens the clinical picture. The use of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), neuroleptics and anticonvulsants are recommended. The term Melancholia Agitata is proposed for agitated (mixed) depression.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0001-690X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0065-1591</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1600-0447</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0065-1591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00963.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17280571</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; agitated depression ; Antidepressants ; Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects ; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder - drug therapy ; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical treatment ; melancholia agitata ; Mental depression ; mixed depressive states ; Prevalence ; Psychiatry ; Psychomotor Agitation - diagnosis ; Psychomotor Agitation - drug therapy ; Psychomotor Agitation - epidemiology ; Terminology as Topic</subject><ispartof>Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2007-02, Vol.115 (s433), p.50-57</ispartof><rights>2007 Blackwell Munksgaard</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6793-4318e4764ef4c099fc1cd59fe1529e1f01b24e9b84ac7ed56302ec788f8545123</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6793-4318e4764ef4c099fc1cd59fe1529e1f01b24e9b84ac7ed56302ec788f8545123</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0447.2007.00963.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0447.2007.00963.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17280571$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Koukopoulos, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sani, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koukopoulos, A. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manfredi, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacchiarotti, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Girardi, P.</creatorcontrib><title>Melancholia agitata and mixed depression</title><title>Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</title><addtitle>Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl</addtitle><description>Objective: The diagnostic entity of major depressive episode includes both simple and agitated or mixed depression. Mixed depression is characterized by a full depressive episode with several symptoms of excitatory nature. Mixed depressions worsen if treated with antidepressants.
Method: We have reviewed the clinical charts of the 2141 patients treated at the Centro Lucio Bini of Rome from January 1999 to June 2006. These patients were diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria. Research diagnostic criteria were applied for agitated depression with motor agitation and Author's diagnostic criteria for agitated depression without motor agitation.
Results: One thousand and twenty‐six patients had a depressive episode as index episode. Three hundred and forty six (33%) were mixed depressive states. One hundred and thirty eight (44%) of them were spontaneous; in 173 cases, the onset of the mixed depression was associated with antidepressants.
Conclusion: Psychic and motor agitation are considered equally important for the definition of agitated depression. Treating agitated depression with antidepressants worsens the clinical picture. The use of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), neuroleptics and anticonvulsants are recommended. The term Melancholia Agitata is proposed for agitated (mixed) depression.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>agitated depression</subject><subject>Antidepressants</subject><subject>Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - drug therapy</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Differential</subject><subject>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>melancholia agitata</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>mixed depressive states</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychomotor Agitation - diagnosis</subject><subject>Psychomotor Agitation - drug therapy</subject><subject>Psychomotor Agitation - epidemiology</subject><subject>Terminology as Topic</subject><issn>0001-690X</issn><issn>0065-1591</issn><issn>1600-0447</issn><issn>0065-1591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE1LAzEQhoMoWj_-ghQP4mXXySbZJAcPUqwKfqKieBm22Vnduu3WTYv135u1RcGTuUxCnvdleBjrcoh5OIfDmKcAEUip4wRAxwA2FfF8hXV-PlZZBwB4lFp42mCb3g_DU3Ew62yD68SA0rzDDi6pysbuta7KrJu9lNNsGuY4747KOeXdnCYNeV_W4222VmSVp53l3GIP_ZP73ll0cX163ju-iFyqrYik4IakTiUV0oG1heMuV7YgrhJLvAA-SCTZgZGZ05SrVEBCThtTGCUVT8QW21_0Tpr6fUZ-iqPSO6rCllTPPCYghUxkGsC9P-CwnjXjsBtyq4wSGlrILCDX1N43VOCkKUdZ84kcsFWJQ2yNYWsMW5X4rRLnIbq77J8NRpT_BpfuAnC0AD7Kij7_XYzHvZu7cAv5aJEv_ZTmP_msecNUC63w8eoUH_vm6fZZX-Kd-AIsr47k</recordid><startdate>200702</startdate><enddate>200702</enddate><creator>Koukopoulos, A.</creator><creator>Sani, G.</creator><creator>Koukopoulos, A. E.</creator><creator>Manfredi, G.</creator><creator>Pacchiarotti, I.</creator><creator>Girardi, P.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200702</creationdate><title>Melancholia agitata and mixed depression</title><author>Koukopoulos, A. ; Sani, G. ; Koukopoulos, A. E. ; Manfredi, G. ; Pacchiarotti, I. ; Girardi, P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6793-4318e4764ef4c099fc1cd59fe1529e1f01b24e9b84ac7ed56302ec788f8545123</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>agitated depression</topic><topic>Antidepressants</topic><topic>Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - drug therapy</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Differential</topic><topic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical treatment</topic><topic>melancholia agitata</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>mixed depressive states</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychomotor Agitation - diagnosis</topic><topic>Psychomotor Agitation - drug therapy</topic><topic>Psychomotor Agitation - epidemiology</topic><topic>Terminology as Topic</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Koukopoulos, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sani, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koukopoulos, A. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manfredi, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacchiarotti, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Girardi, P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><jtitle>Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Koukopoulos, A.</au><au>Sani, G.</au><au>Koukopoulos, A. E.</au><au>Manfredi, G.</au><au>Pacchiarotti, I.</au><au>Girardi, P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Melancholia agitata and mixed depression</atitle><jtitle>Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</jtitle><addtitle>Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl</addtitle><date>2007-02</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>115</volume><issue>s433</issue><spage>50</spage><epage>57</epage><pages>50-57</pages><issn>0001-690X</issn><issn>0065-1591</issn><eissn>1600-0447</eissn><eissn>0065-1591</eissn><abstract>Objective: The diagnostic entity of major depressive episode includes both simple and agitated or mixed depression. Mixed depression is characterized by a full depressive episode with several symptoms of excitatory nature. Mixed depressions worsen if treated with antidepressants.
Method: We have reviewed the clinical charts of the 2141 patients treated at the Centro Lucio Bini of Rome from January 1999 to June 2006. These patients were diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria. Research diagnostic criteria were applied for agitated depression with motor agitation and Author's diagnostic criteria for agitated depression without motor agitation.
Results: One thousand and twenty‐six patients had a depressive episode as index episode. Three hundred and forty six (33%) were mixed depressive states. One hundred and thirty eight (44%) of them were spontaneous; in 173 cases, the onset of the mixed depression was associated with antidepressants.
Conclusion: Psychic and motor agitation are considered equally important for the definition of agitated depression. Treating agitated depression with antidepressants worsens the clinical picture. The use of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), neuroleptics and anticonvulsants are recommended. The term Melancholia Agitata is proposed for agitated (mixed) depression.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>17280571</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00963.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult agitated depression Antidepressants Antidepressive Agents - adverse effects Depressive Disorder - diagnosis Depressive Disorder - drug therapy Depressive Disorder - epidemiology Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy Diagnosis, Differential Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Humans Male Medical treatment melancholia agitata Mental depression mixed depressive states Prevalence Psychiatry Psychomotor Agitation - diagnosis Psychomotor Agitation - drug therapy Psychomotor Agitation - epidemiology Terminology as Topic |
| title | Melancholia agitata and mixed depression |
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