Evaporation and canopy conductance of citrus orchards
Evaporation of citrus orchards has been widely studied, but differences in methodologies and management conditions have led to conflicting results, mainly due to differences in ground cover and soil evaporation. In this work the contribution of transpiration and soil evaporation has been studied in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Agricultural water management 2009-04, Vol.96 (4), p.565-573 |
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| creator | Villalobos, F.J. Testi, L. Moreno-Perez, M.F. |
| description | Evaporation of citrus orchards has been widely studied, but differences in methodologies and management conditions have led to conflicting results, mainly due to differences in ground cover and soil evaporation. In this work the contribution of transpiration and soil evaporation has been studied in a drip-irrigated, clean cultivated mandarin (
Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard on a sandy soil in Southern Spain. Evapotranspiration (ET) was measured using eddy covariance while soil evaporation was determined with microlysimeters, during August 2000 and May 2001. Average ET was 2.6
mm
day
−1 in August and 2.1
mm
day
−1 in May. The crop coefficient (
K
c) was 0.44 and 0.43 in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The coefficient of transpiration (
K
p) was 0.30 in 2000 and 0.25 in 2001. The daily bulk canopy conductance (
g
c) ranged from 1.2 to 2.2 (average 1.8) mm
s
−1 in 2000 and from 1.2 to 2.7 (average 1.9) mm
s
−1 in 2001. A model of daily canopy conductance as a function of intercepted radiation was derived and applied to calculate the transpiration of orchards with different values of ground cover (GC). The ratio of transpiration over reference ET of mandarin orchards is linearly related to ground cover (
K
p
=
0.7
GC). Calculated crop coefficients agree with values suggested by FAO for mature orchards (around 0.65) but are substantially lower than FAO values for young plantations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.016 |
| format | Article |
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Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard on a sandy soil in Southern Spain. Evapotranspiration (ET) was measured using eddy covariance while soil evaporation was determined with microlysimeters, during August 2000 and May 2001. Average ET was 2.6
mm
day
−1 in August and 2.1
mm
day
−1 in May. The crop coefficient (
K
c) was 0.44 and 0.43 in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The coefficient of transpiration (
K
p) was 0.30 in 2000 and 0.25 in 2001. The daily bulk canopy conductance (
g
c) ranged from 1.2 to 2.2 (average 1.8) mm
s
−1 in 2000 and from 1.2 to 2.7 (average 1.9) mm
s
−1 in 2001. A model of daily canopy conductance as a function of intercepted radiation was derived and applied to calculate the transpiration of orchards with different values of ground cover (GC). The ratio of transpiration over reference ET of mandarin orchards is linearly related to ground cover (
K
p
=
0.7
GC). Calculated crop coefficients agree with values suggested by FAO for mature orchards (around 0.65) but are substantially lower than FAO values for young plantations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-3774</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2283</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.016</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AWMADF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage ; Agricultural and forest meteorology ; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; Biological and medical sciences ; Citrus reticulata ; Crop coefficient ; Eddy covariance ; Evapotranspiration ; Evapotranspiration Transpiration Soil evaporation Mandarin Crop coefficient Eddy covariance ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General agronomy. Plant production ; Mandarin ; Soil evaporation ; Transpiration ; Water balance and requirements. Evapotranspiration</subject><ispartof>Agricultural water management, 2009-04, Vol.96 (4), p.565-573</ispartof><rights>2008 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-48cbefadb0f1f5620014906c455198255687ab7895bcb8c240ca7f9a5ee374693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-48cbefadb0f1f5620014906c455198255687ab7895bcb8c240ca7f9a5ee374693</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.016$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,4008,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21270507$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeeagiwat/v_3a96_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a4_3ap_3a565-573.htm$$DView record in RePEc$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Villalobos, F.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Testi, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno-Perez, M.F.</creatorcontrib><title>Evaporation and canopy conductance of citrus orchards</title><title>Agricultural water management</title><description>Evaporation of citrus orchards has been widely studied, but differences in methodologies and management conditions have led to conflicting results, mainly due to differences in ground cover and soil evaporation. In this work the contribution of transpiration and soil evaporation has been studied in a drip-irrigated, clean cultivated mandarin (
Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard on a sandy soil in Southern Spain. Evapotranspiration (ET) was measured using eddy covariance while soil evaporation was determined with microlysimeters, during August 2000 and May 2001. Average ET was 2.6
mm
day
−1 in August and 2.1
mm
day
−1 in May. The crop coefficient (
K
c) was 0.44 and 0.43 in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The coefficient of transpiration (
K
p) was 0.30 in 2000 and 0.25 in 2001. The daily bulk canopy conductance (
g
c) ranged from 1.2 to 2.2 (average 1.8) mm
s
−1 in 2000 and from 1.2 to 2.7 (average 1.9) mm
s
−1 in 2001. A model of daily canopy conductance as a function of intercepted radiation was derived and applied to calculate the transpiration of orchards with different values of ground cover (GC). The ratio of transpiration over reference ET of mandarin orchards is linearly related to ground cover (
K
p
=
0.7
GC). Calculated crop coefficients agree with values suggested by FAO for mature orchards (around 0.65) but are substantially lower than FAO values for young plantations.</description><subject>Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage</subject><subject>Agricultural and forest meteorology</subject><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Citrus reticulata</subject><subject>Crop coefficient</subject><subject>Eddy covariance</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration Transpiration Soil evaporation Mandarin Crop coefficient Eddy covariance</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>Mandarin</subject><subject>Soil evaporation</subject><subject>Transpiration</subject><subject>Water balance and requirements. Evapotranspiration</subject><issn>0378-3774</issn><issn>1873-2283</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>X2L</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1v1DAQxS0EEkvhL-CSC9ySjr9i-8ABVeVLlbjA2ZpMnNar3TjY2UX73-Nlqx57eDPS6L3R04-x9xw6Dry_3nZ4_xfXTgDYDlxXby_YhlsjWyGsfMk2II1tpTHqNXtTyhYAFCizYfr2iEvKuMY0NziPDeGcllNDaR4PtOJMoUlTQ3HNh9KkTA-Yx_KWvZpwV8K7x33Ffn-5_XXzrb37-fX7zee7lpTka6ssDWHCcYCJT7qv7bhy0JPSmjsrtO6twcFYpwcaLAkFhGZyqEOQRvVOXrGPl79LTn8Ooax-HwuF3Q7nkA7FC5AWpFDVKC9GyqmUHCa_5LjHfPIc_BmR3_r_iPwZkQfn662mflxSOSyBniIhBLyPZ_PRS3R9HaeqmnR1xSpVtVTpXnttpH9Y9_XZh8euWAh3U67sYnl6KrgwoMFU36eLL1RwxxiyLxRD5TzGHGj1Y4rPlv4H4_-Vvg</recordid><startdate>20090401</startdate><enddate>20090401</enddate><creator>Villalobos, F.J.</creator><creator>Testi, L.</creator><creator>Moreno-Perez, M.F.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>DKI</scope><scope>X2L</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090401</creationdate><title>Evaporation and canopy conductance of citrus orchards</title><author>Villalobos, F.J. ; Testi, L. ; Moreno-Perez, M.F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-48cbefadb0f1f5620014906c455198255687ab7895bcb8c240ca7f9a5ee374693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage</topic><topic>Agricultural and forest meteorology</topic><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Citrus reticulata</topic><topic>Crop coefficient</topic><topic>Eddy covariance</topic><topic>Evapotranspiration</topic><topic>Evapotranspiration Transpiration Soil evaporation Mandarin Crop coefficient Eddy covariance</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Mandarin</topic><topic>Soil evaporation</topic><topic>Transpiration</topic><topic>Water balance and requirements. Evapotranspiration</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Villalobos, F.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Testi, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno-Perez, M.F.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>RePEc IDEAS</collection><collection>RePEc</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Agricultural water management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Villalobos, F.J.</au><au>Testi, L.</au><au>Moreno-Perez, M.F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaporation and canopy conductance of citrus orchards</atitle><jtitle>Agricultural water management</jtitle><date>2009-04-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>96</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>565</spage><epage>573</epage><pages>565-573</pages><issn>0378-3774</issn><eissn>1873-2283</eissn><coden>AWMADF</coden><abstract>Evaporation of citrus orchards has been widely studied, but differences in methodologies and management conditions have led to conflicting results, mainly due to differences in ground cover and soil evaporation. In this work the contribution of transpiration and soil evaporation has been studied in a drip-irrigated, clean cultivated mandarin (
Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard on a sandy soil in Southern Spain. Evapotranspiration (ET) was measured using eddy covariance while soil evaporation was determined with microlysimeters, during August 2000 and May 2001. Average ET was 2.6
mm
day
−1 in August and 2.1
mm
day
−1 in May. The crop coefficient (
K
c) was 0.44 and 0.43 in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The coefficient of transpiration (
K
p) was 0.30 in 2000 and 0.25 in 2001. The daily bulk canopy conductance (
g
c) ranged from 1.2 to 2.2 (average 1.8) mm
s
−1 in 2000 and from 1.2 to 2.7 (average 1.9) mm
s
−1 in 2001. A model of daily canopy conductance as a function of intercepted radiation was derived and applied to calculate the transpiration of orchards with different values of ground cover (GC). The ratio of transpiration over reference ET of mandarin orchards is linearly related to ground cover (
K
p
=
0.7
GC). Calculated crop coefficients agree with values suggested by FAO for mature orchards (around 0.65) but are substantially lower than FAO values for young plantations.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.016</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Agricultural water management, 2009-04, Vol.96 (4), p.565-573 |
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| source | RePEc; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage Agricultural and forest meteorology Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences Citrus reticulata Crop coefficient Eddy covariance Evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration Transpiration Soil evaporation Mandarin Crop coefficient Eddy covariance Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Mandarin Soil evaporation Transpiration Water balance and requirements. Evapotranspiration |
| title | Evaporation and canopy conductance of citrus orchards |
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