Plasma steroid hormone concentrations, aromatase activities and GSI in ranid frogs collected from agricultural and non-agricultural sites in Michigan (USA)
The triazine herbicide atrazine has been hypothesized to disrupt sexual development in frogs by up-regulating aromatase activity, resulting in greater estradiol (E2) concentrations and causing feminization in males. The goal of this study was to collect native ranid frogs from atrazine-exposed ponds...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Aquatic toxicology 2006-05, Vol.77 (2), p.153-166 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 166 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 153 |
| container_title | Aquatic toxicology |
| container_volume | 77 |
| creator | Murphy, M.B. Hecker, M. Coady, K.K. Tompsett, A.R. Higley, E.B. Jones, P.D. Du Preez, L.H. Solomon, K.R. Carr, J.A. Smith, E.E. Kendall, R.J. Van Der Kraak, G. Giesy, J.P. |
| description | The triazine herbicide atrazine has been hypothesized to disrupt sexual development in frogs by up-regulating aromatase activity, resulting in greater estradiol (E2) concentrations and causing feminization in males. The goal of this study was to collect native ranid frogs from atrazine-exposed ponds and determine whether relationships exist between measured atrazine concentrations and the gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), E2 or 11-ketotestosterone (KT), or with aromatase activity. In the summer of 2002 and 2003, adult and juvenile green frogs (
Rana clamitans), bullfrogs (
R. catesbeiana) and Northern leopard frogs (
R. pipiens) were collected from areas with extensive corn cultivation and areas where there was little agricultural activity in south-central Michigan. Atrazine concentrations were below the limit of quantification at non-agricultural sites. Atrazine concentrations did not exceed 2
μg/L at most agricultural sites, but a concentration of 250
μg atrazine/L was measured in one sample from one site in 2002. Plasma steroid concentrations varied among locations. Aromatase activity was measurable in less than 11% of testes in adult males, and in less than 4% of testes in juvenile males. Median aromatase activities in ovaries of adult females ranged from 3 to 245
pmol/h/mg protein, and maximum activities were 2.5-fold greater in juveniles than in adults. Atrazine concentrations were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters measured in this study. These results indicate that atrazine does not up-regulate aromatase in green frogs in the wild, and does not appear to affect plasma steroid hormone concentrations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.11.007 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_20355162</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0166445X05004029</els_id><sourcerecordid>20355162</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-5b61901975e17f9a06764ead33d3665d14d310f0582ad9e606ef90f5f45d3db33</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkdFqFDEUhgdR7Fp9BCU3ioIz5swkmc6VlKK1UFGoBe_C2eTMNstM0iaZos_iy5p2F4pX5iYkfP9J-L-qegm8AQ7qw7bBmwVz-NW0nMsGoOG8f1St4KgfapAgHlerwqlaCPnzoHqW0paX1YrhaXUASrQ9CLWq_nyfMM3IUqYYnGVXIc7BEzPBG_I5YnbBp_cMY5gxYyKGJrtblx0lht6y04sz5jyL6Et6jGGTSnaayGS6P88MN9GZZcpLxOk-4oOv_7lMLpdpZcpXZ67cBj17e3lx_O559WTEKdGL_X5YXX7-9OPkS33-7fTs5Pi8NqIVuZZrBQOHoZcE_TggV70ShLbrbKeUtCBsB3zk8qhFO5DiisaBj3IU0nZ23XWH1Zvd3OsYbhZKWc8uGZom9BSWpFveSQmqLaDcgSaGlCKN-jq6GeNvDVzfWdFbvbei76xoAF2slNyr_QPLeib7kNprKMDrPYDJ4DSWNo1LD1yvFPTdULiPO45KHbeOok7GUTFlXSyNaxvcf77yF9EBsD0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>20355162</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Plasma steroid hormone concentrations, aromatase activities and GSI in ranid frogs collected from agricultural and non-agricultural sites in Michigan (USA)</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>Murphy, M.B. ; Hecker, M. ; Coady, K.K. ; Tompsett, A.R. ; Higley, E.B. ; Jones, P.D. ; Du Preez, L.H. ; Solomon, K.R. ; Carr, J.A. ; Smith, E.E. ; Kendall, R.J. ; Van Der Kraak, G. ; Giesy, J.P.</creator><creatorcontrib>Murphy, M.B. ; Hecker, M. ; Coady, K.K. ; Tompsett, A.R. ; Higley, E.B. ; Jones, P.D. ; Du Preez, L.H. ; Solomon, K.R. ; Carr, J.A. ; Smith, E.E. ; Kendall, R.J. ; Van Der Kraak, G. ; Giesy, J.P.</creatorcontrib><description>The triazine herbicide atrazine has been hypothesized to disrupt sexual development in frogs by up-regulating aromatase activity, resulting in greater estradiol (E2) concentrations and causing feminization in males. The goal of this study was to collect native ranid frogs from atrazine-exposed ponds and determine whether relationships exist between measured atrazine concentrations and the gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), E2 or 11-ketotestosterone (KT), or with aromatase activity. In the summer of 2002 and 2003, adult and juvenile green frogs (
Rana clamitans), bullfrogs (
R. catesbeiana) and Northern leopard frogs (
R. pipiens) were collected from areas with extensive corn cultivation and areas where there was little agricultural activity in south-central Michigan. Atrazine concentrations were below the limit of quantification at non-agricultural sites. Atrazine concentrations did not exceed 2
μg/L at most agricultural sites, but a concentration of 250
μg atrazine/L was measured in one sample from one site in 2002. Plasma steroid concentrations varied among locations. Aromatase activity was measurable in less than 11% of testes in adult males, and in less than 4% of testes in juvenile males. Median aromatase activities in ovaries of adult females ranged from 3 to 245
pmol/h/mg protein, and maximum activities were 2.5-fold greater in juveniles than in adults. Atrazine concentrations were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters measured in this study. These results indicate that atrazine does not up-regulate aromatase in green frogs in the wild, and does not appear to affect plasma steroid hormone concentrations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0166-445X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1514</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.11.007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16427146</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AQTODG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Amphibian ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Applied ecology ; Aromatase ; Aromatase - drug effects ; Aromatase - metabolism ; Atrazine - toxicity ; Biological and medical sciences ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates ; Endocrine disruption ; Environmental Exposure ; Estradiol - blood ; Female ; Field study ; Fresh Water ; Freshwater ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gonads - enzymology ; Herbicides - toxicity ; Male ; Michigan ; Rana catesbeiana ; Rana clamitans ; Ranidae - physiology ; Reptilia. Amphibia ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; Steroid hormone ; Testosterone - analogs & derivatives ; Testosterone - blood ; Triazine ; Water Pollution, Chemical - adverse effects</subject><ispartof>Aquatic toxicology, 2006-05, Vol.77 (2), p.153-166</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-5b61901975e17f9a06764ead33d3665d14d310f0582ad9e606ef90f5f45d3db33</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.11.007$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17661739$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16427146$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Murphy, M.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hecker, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coady, K.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tompsett, A.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higley, E.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, P.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du Preez, L.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solomon, K.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carr, J.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, E.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kendall, R.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Der Kraak, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giesy, J.P.</creatorcontrib><title>Plasma steroid hormone concentrations, aromatase activities and GSI in ranid frogs collected from agricultural and non-agricultural sites in Michigan (USA)</title><title>Aquatic toxicology</title><addtitle>Aquat Toxicol</addtitle><description>The triazine herbicide atrazine has been hypothesized to disrupt sexual development in frogs by up-regulating aromatase activity, resulting in greater estradiol (E2) concentrations and causing feminization in males. The goal of this study was to collect native ranid frogs from atrazine-exposed ponds and determine whether relationships exist between measured atrazine concentrations and the gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), E2 or 11-ketotestosterone (KT), or with aromatase activity. In the summer of 2002 and 2003, adult and juvenile green frogs (
Rana clamitans), bullfrogs (
R. catesbeiana) and Northern leopard frogs (
R. pipiens) were collected from areas with extensive corn cultivation and areas where there was little agricultural activity in south-central Michigan. Atrazine concentrations were below the limit of quantification at non-agricultural sites. Atrazine concentrations did not exceed 2
μg/L at most agricultural sites, but a concentration of 250
μg atrazine/L was measured in one sample from one site in 2002. Plasma steroid concentrations varied among locations. Aromatase activity was measurable in less than 11% of testes in adult males, and in less than 4% of testes in juvenile males. Median aromatase activities in ovaries of adult females ranged from 3 to 245
pmol/h/mg protein, and maximum activities were 2.5-fold greater in juveniles than in adults. Atrazine concentrations were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters measured in this study. These results indicate that atrazine does not up-regulate aromatase in green frogs in the wild, and does not appear to affect plasma steroid hormone concentrations.</description><subject>Amphibian</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Aromatase</subject><subject>Aromatase - drug effects</subject><subject>Aromatase - metabolism</subject><subject>Atrazine - toxicity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates</subject><subject>Endocrine disruption</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Estradiol - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Field study</subject><subject>Fresh Water</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gonads - enzymology</subject><subject>Herbicides - toxicity</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Michigan</subject><subject>Rana catesbeiana</subject><subject>Rana clamitans</subject><subject>Ranidae - physiology</subject><subject>Reptilia. Amphibia</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Steroid hormone</subject><subject>Testosterone - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Triazine</subject><subject>Water Pollution, Chemical - adverse effects</subject><issn>0166-445X</issn><issn>1879-1514</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkdFqFDEUhgdR7Fp9BCU3ioIz5swkmc6VlKK1UFGoBe_C2eTMNstM0iaZos_iy5p2F4pX5iYkfP9J-L-qegm8AQ7qw7bBmwVz-NW0nMsGoOG8f1St4KgfapAgHlerwqlaCPnzoHqW0paX1YrhaXUASrQ9CLWq_nyfMM3IUqYYnGVXIc7BEzPBG_I5YnbBp_cMY5gxYyKGJrtblx0lht6y04sz5jyL6Et6jGGTSnaayGS6P88MN9GZZcpLxOk-4oOv_7lMLpdpZcpXZ67cBj17e3lx_O559WTEKdGL_X5YXX7-9OPkS33-7fTs5Pi8NqIVuZZrBQOHoZcE_TggV70ShLbrbKeUtCBsB3zk8qhFO5DiisaBj3IU0nZ23XWH1Zvd3OsYbhZKWc8uGZom9BSWpFveSQmqLaDcgSaGlCKN-jq6GeNvDVzfWdFbvbei76xoAF2slNyr_QPLeib7kNprKMDrPYDJ4DSWNo1LD1yvFPTdULiPO45KHbeOok7GUTFlXSyNaxvcf77yF9EBsD0</recordid><startdate>20060501</startdate><enddate>20060501</enddate><creator>Murphy, M.B.</creator><creator>Hecker, M.</creator><creator>Coady, K.K.</creator><creator>Tompsett, A.R.</creator><creator>Higley, E.B.</creator><creator>Jones, P.D.</creator><creator>Du Preez, L.H.</creator><creator>Solomon, K.R.</creator><creator>Carr, J.A.</creator><creator>Smith, E.E.</creator><creator>Kendall, R.J.</creator><creator>Van Der Kraak, G.</creator><creator>Giesy, J.P.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060501</creationdate><title>Plasma steroid hormone concentrations, aromatase activities and GSI in ranid frogs collected from agricultural and non-agricultural sites in Michigan (USA)</title><author>Murphy, M.B. ; Hecker, M. ; Coady, K.K. ; Tompsett, A.R. ; Higley, E.B. ; Jones, P.D. ; Du Preez, L.H. ; Solomon, K.R. ; Carr, J.A. ; Smith, E.E. ; Kendall, R.J. ; Van Der Kraak, G. ; Giesy, J.P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-5b61901975e17f9a06764ead33d3665d14d310f0582ad9e606ef90f5f45d3db33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Amphibian</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Aromatase</topic><topic>Aromatase - drug effects</topic><topic>Aromatase - metabolism</topic><topic>Atrazine - toxicity</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</topic><topic>Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates</topic><topic>Endocrine disruption</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure</topic><topic>Estradiol - blood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Field study</topic><topic>Fresh Water</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gonads - enzymology</topic><topic>Herbicides - toxicity</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Michigan</topic><topic>Rana catesbeiana</topic><topic>Rana clamitans</topic><topic>Ranidae - physiology</topic><topic>Reptilia. Amphibia</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Steroid hormone</topic><topic>Testosterone - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Triazine</topic><topic>Water Pollution, Chemical - adverse effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Murphy, M.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hecker, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coady, K.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tompsett, A.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higley, E.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, P.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du Preez, L.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solomon, K.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carr, J.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, E.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kendall, R.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Der Kraak, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giesy, J.P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Aquatic toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Murphy, M.B.</au><au>Hecker, M.</au><au>Coady, K.K.</au><au>Tompsett, A.R.</au><au>Higley, E.B.</au><au>Jones, P.D.</au><au>Du Preez, L.H.</au><au>Solomon, K.R.</au><au>Carr, J.A.</au><au>Smith, E.E.</au><au>Kendall, R.J.</au><au>Van Der Kraak, G.</au><au>Giesy, J.P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Plasma steroid hormone concentrations, aromatase activities and GSI in ranid frogs collected from agricultural and non-agricultural sites in Michigan (USA)</atitle><jtitle>Aquatic toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Aquat Toxicol</addtitle><date>2006-05-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>153</spage><epage>166</epage><pages>153-166</pages><issn>0166-445X</issn><eissn>1879-1514</eissn><coden>AQTODG</coden><abstract>The triazine herbicide atrazine has been hypothesized to disrupt sexual development in frogs by up-regulating aromatase activity, resulting in greater estradiol (E2) concentrations and causing feminization in males. The goal of this study was to collect native ranid frogs from atrazine-exposed ponds and determine whether relationships exist between measured atrazine concentrations and the gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), E2 or 11-ketotestosterone (KT), or with aromatase activity. In the summer of 2002 and 2003, adult and juvenile green frogs (
Rana clamitans), bullfrogs (
R. catesbeiana) and Northern leopard frogs (
R. pipiens) were collected from areas with extensive corn cultivation and areas where there was little agricultural activity in south-central Michigan. Atrazine concentrations were below the limit of quantification at non-agricultural sites. Atrazine concentrations did not exceed 2
μg/L at most agricultural sites, but a concentration of 250
μg atrazine/L was measured in one sample from one site in 2002. Plasma steroid concentrations varied among locations. Aromatase activity was measurable in less than 11% of testes in adult males, and in less than 4% of testes in juvenile males. Median aromatase activities in ovaries of adult females ranged from 3 to 245
pmol/h/mg protein, and maximum activities were 2.5-fold greater in juveniles than in adults. Atrazine concentrations were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters measured in this study. These results indicate that atrazine does not up-regulate aromatase in green frogs in the wild, and does not appear to affect plasma steroid hormone concentrations.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>16427146</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.11.007</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0166-445X |
| ispartof | Aquatic toxicology, 2006-05, Vol.77 (2), p.153-166 |
| issn | 0166-445X 1879-1514 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_20355162 |
| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Amphibian Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Aromatase Aromatase - drug effects Aromatase - metabolism Atrazine - toxicity Biological and medical sciences Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates Endocrine disruption Environmental Exposure Estradiol - blood Female Field study Fresh Water Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gonads - enzymology Herbicides - toxicity Male Michigan Rana catesbeiana Rana clamitans Ranidae - physiology Reptilia. Amphibia Seasons Sex Factors Steroid hormone Testosterone - analogs & derivatives Testosterone - blood Triazine Water Pollution, Chemical - adverse effects |
| title | Plasma steroid hormone concentrations, aromatase activities and GSI in ranid frogs collected from agricultural and non-agricultural sites in Michigan (USA) |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-20T11%3A54%3A49IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Plasma%20steroid%20hormone%20concentrations,%20aromatase%20activities%20and%20GSI%20in%20ranid%20frogs%20collected%20from%20agricultural%20and%20non-agricultural%20sites%20in%20Michigan%20(USA)&rft.jtitle=Aquatic%20toxicology&rft.au=Murphy,%20M.B.&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.epage=166&rft.pages=153-166&rft.issn=0166-445X&rft.eissn=1879-1514&rft.coden=AQTODG&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.11.007&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E20355162%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=20355162&rft_id=info:pmid/16427146&rft_els_id=S0166445X05004029&rfr_iscdi=true |