Effects of natural products on several stages of the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro
Aims To investigate the effect of natural products on the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro. Methods and Results Twenty‐two natural products were investigated using four C. difficile strains. Effects on sporulation, determined using microscopy and a conventional spore recovery assay, sho...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied microbiology 2018-09, Vol.125 (3), p.710-723 |
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| creator | Roshan, N. Riley, T.V. Hammer, K.A. |
| description | Aims
To investigate the effect of natural products on the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro.
Methods and Results
Twenty‐two natural products were investigated using four C. difficile strains. Effects on sporulation, determined using microscopy and a conventional spore recovery assay, showed that fresh onion bulb extract (6·3% v v−1) and coconut oil (8% v v−1) inhibited sporulation in all four isolates by 66–86% and 51–88%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Fresh ginger rhizome extract (25% v v−1) was also inhibitory, although to a lesser extent. Using a standard spore germination and outgrowth assay, germination was unaffected by the 22 products, whereas outgrowth was significantly reduced by artichoke extract (18·8 mg ml−1), fresh onion bulb extract (25% v v−1), Leptospermum honeys (8% w v−1) and allicin (75 mg ml−1; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jam.13889 |
| format | Article |
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To investigate the effect of natural products on the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro.
Methods and Results
Twenty‐two natural products were investigated using four C. difficile strains. Effects on sporulation, determined using microscopy and a conventional spore recovery assay, showed that fresh onion bulb extract (6·3% v v−1) and coconut oil (8% v v−1) inhibited sporulation in all four isolates by 66–86% and 51–88%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Fresh ginger rhizome extract (25% v v−1) was also inhibitory, although to a lesser extent. Using a standard spore germination and outgrowth assay, germination was unaffected by the 22 products, whereas outgrowth was significantly reduced by artichoke extract (18·8 mg ml−1), fresh onion bulb extract (25% v v−1), Leptospermum honeys (8% w v−1) and allicin (75 mg ml−1; P < 0·01). Sporicidal activity, investigated using a standard plate recovery assay, was minimal.
Conclusions
Three of the 22 natural products (13%) showed inhibitory effects on sporulation of C. difficile and six products (27%) reduced vegetative outgrowth of C. difficile.
Significance and Impact of the Study
This study shows the potential of natural products to inhibit different stages of C. difficile sporulation and encourages further investigation in this field.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1364-5072</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2672</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jam.13889</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29675852</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>alternative therapy ; Assaying ; Bacteria ; Clostridium difficile ; Clostridium difficile spores ; Coconut oil ; Germination ; Ginger ; Honey ; In vitro methods and tests ; Investigations ; Microscopy ; Natural products ; Onions ; outgrowth ; Recovery ; Spore germination ; Sporulation</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied microbiology, 2018-09, Vol.125 (3), p.710-723</ispartof><rights>2018 The Society for Applied Microbiology</rights><rights>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 The Society for Applied Microbiology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3539-b9af4585f24d9d57293cf12705db53fc69b825b22151335080dc66b65ab0712e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3539-b9af4585f24d9d57293cf12705db53fc69b825b22151335080dc66b65ab0712e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2087-6398 ; 0000-0001-7878-4851</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjam.13889$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjam.13889$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29675852$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Roshan, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riley, T.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammer, K.A.</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of natural products on several stages of the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro</title><title>Journal of applied microbiology</title><addtitle>J Appl Microbiol</addtitle><description>Aims
To investigate the effect of natural products on the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro.
Methods and Results
Twenty‐two natural products were investigated using four C. difficile strains. Effects on sporulation, determined using microscopy and a conventional spore recovery assay, showed that fresh onion bulb extract (6·3% v v−1) and coconut oil (8% v v−1) inhibited sporulation in all four isolates by 66–86% and 51–88%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Fresh ginger rhizome extract (25% v v−1) was also inhibitory, although to a lesser extent. Using a standard spore germination and outgrowth assay, germination was unaffected by the 22 products, whereas outgrowth was significantly reduced by artichoke extract (18·8 mg ml−1), fresh onion bulb extract (25% v v−1), Leptospermum honeys (8% w v−1) and allicin (75 mg ml−1; P < 0·01). Sporicidal activity, investigated using a standard plate recovery assay, was minimal.
Conclusions
Three of the 22 natural products (13%) showed inhibitory effects on sporulation of C. difficile and six products (27%) reduced vegetative outgrowth of C. difficile.
Significance and Impact of the Study
This study shows the potential of natural products to inhibit different stages of C. difficile sporulation and encourages further investigation in this field.</description><subject>alternative therapy</subject><subject>Assaying</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Clostridium difficile</subject><subject>Clostridium difficile spores</subject><subject>Coconut oil</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Ginger</subject><subject>Honey</subject><subject>In vitro methods and tests</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Natural products</subject><subject>Onions</subject><subject>outgrowth</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Spore germination</subject><subject>Sporulation</subject><issn>1364-5072</issn><issn>1365-2672</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LwzAAhoMobk4P_gEpeNFDt3w0aXIcY34x8aLnkqaJZvRjJu1k_96snR4Ec0l48_Dy8gBwieAUhTNby2qKCOfiCIwRYTTGLMXH_TuJKUzxCJx5v4YQEUjZKRhhwVLKKR6DfGmMVq2PGhPVsu2cLKONa4quz-rI663eZ76V77qn2g8d-U3jdKR2qtT7aFE2vnW2sF0VFdYYq2z4sHW0ta1rzsGJkaXXF4d7At7ulq-Lh3j1cv-4mK9iRSgRcS6kScIog5NCFDTFgiiDcAppkVNiFBM5xzTHGFFECIUcFoqxnFGZwxRhTSbgZugN-z877dussl7pspS1bjqfYYi5YBiLNKDXf9B107k6rAsU54gJBJNA3Q6Uco33Tpts42wl3S5DMNuLz4L4rBcf2KtDY5dXuvglf0wHYDYAX8HN7v-m7Gn-PFR-Azj3i5Q</recordid><startdate>201809</startdate><enddate>201809</enddate><creator>Roshan, N.</creator><creator>Riley, T.V.</creator><creator>Hammer, K.A.</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-6398</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-4851</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201809</creationdate><title>Effects of natural products on several stages of the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro</title><author>Roshan, N. ; Riley, T.V. ; Hammer, K.A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3539-b9af4585f24d9d57293cf12705db53fc69b825b22151335080dc66b65ab0712e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>alternative therapy</topic><topic>Assaying</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Clostridium difficile</topic><topic>Clostridium difficile spores</topic><topic>Coconut oil</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Ginger</topic><topic>Honey</topic><topic>In vitro methods and tests</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Natural products</topic><topic>Onions</topic><topic>outgrowth</topic><topic>Recovery</topic><topic>Spore germination</topic><topic>Sporulation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Roshan, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riley, T.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammer, K.A.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Roshan, N.</au><au>Riley, T.V.</au><au>Hammer, K.A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of natural products on several stages of the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Microbiol</addtitle><date>2018-09</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>125</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>710</spage><epage>723</epage><pages>710-723</pages><issn>1364-5072</issn><eissn>1365-2672</eissn><abstract>Aims
To investigate the effect of natural products on the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro.
Methods and Results
Twenty‐two natural products were investigated using four C. difficile strains. Effects on sporulation, determined using microscopy and a conventional spore recovery assay, showed that fresh onion bulb extract (6·3% v v−1) and coconut oil (8% v v−1) inhibited sporulation in all four isolates by 66–86% and 51–88%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Fresh ginger rhizome extract (25% v v−1) was also inhibitory, although to a lesser extent. Using a standard spore germination and outgrowth assay, germination was unaffected by the 22 products, whereas outgrowth was significantly reduced by artichoke extract (18·8 mg ml−1), fresh onion bulb extract (25% v v−1), Leptospermum honeys (8% w v−1) and allicin (75 mg ml−1; P < 0·01). Sporicidal activity, investigated using a standard plate recovery assay, was minimal.
Conclusions
Three of the 22 natural products (13%) showed inhibitory effects on sporulation of C. difficile and six products (27%) reduced vegetative outgrowth of C. difficile.
Significance and Impact of the Study
This study shows the potential of natural products to inhibit different stages of C. difficile sporulation and encourages further investigation in this field.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>29675852</pmid><doi>10.1111/jam.13889</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-6398</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-4851</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of applied microbiology, 2018-09, Vol.125 (3), p.710-723 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | alternative therapy Assaying Bacteria Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile spores Coconut oil Germination Ginger Honey In vitro methods and tests Investigations Microscopy Natural products Onions outgrowth Recovery Spore germination Sporulation |
| title | Effects of natural products on several stages of the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro |
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