Radiative impact of mixing state of black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow

The radiative impact of the mixing state of black carbon (BC) aerosol is investigated in Asian outflow. The mixing state and size distribution of BC aerosol were measured with a ground‐based single‐particle soot photometer at a remote island (Fukue) in Japan in spring 2007. The mass concentration of BC in Asian continental air masses reached 0.5 μg m−3, with a mass median diameter of 200–220 nm. The median value of the shell/core diameter ratio increased to ∼1.6 in Asian continental and maritime air masses with a core diameter of 200 nm, while in free tropospheric and Japanese air masses it was 1.3–1.4. On the basis of theoretical calculations using the size distribution and mixing state of BC aerosol, scattering and absorption properties of PM1 aerosols were calculated under both dry and ambient conditions, considering the hygroscopic growth of aerosols. It was estimated that internal mixing enhanced the BC absorption by a factor of 1.5–1.6 compared to external mixing. The calculated absorption coefficient was 2–3 times higher in Asian continental air masses than in clean air. Coatings reduced the single‐scattering albedo (SSA) of PM1 aerosol by 0.01–0.02, which indicates the importance of the mixing state of BC aerosol in evaluating its radiative influence. The SSA was sensitive to changes in air mass type, with a value of ∼0.98 in Asian continental air masses and ∼0.95 in Japanese and free tropospheric air masses under ambient conditions.