The Accessory Nerve: A Comprehensive Review of its Anatomy, Development, Variations, Landmarks and Clinical Considerations
ABSTRACT Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. Herein, we review the morphology, embryology, surgical anatomy, and clinical manifestations of the accessory nerve. Included in this review, we mention va...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) N.J. : 2007), 2019-04, Vol.302 (4), p.620-629 |
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| container_title | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) |
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| creator | Johal, Jaspreet Iwanaga, Joe Tubbs, Kevin Loukas, Marios Oskouian, Rod J. Tubbs, R. Shane |
| description | ABSTRACT
Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. Herein, we review the morphology, embryology, surgical anatomy, and clinical manifestations of the accessory nerve. Included in this review, we mention variant anatomy, molecular development, histology, and imaging of the accessory nerve. Conclusions: The accessory nerve continues to be a topic of much discussion regarding its exact function and in particular to its cranial roots. Recently, various surgical procedures have been devised that repurpose the accessory nerve (e.g., lengthening procedures, contralateral neurotization procedures). Currently, we continue to learn and have much to learn about this lower cranial nerve. Anat Rec, 302:620–629, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ar.23823 |
| format | Article |
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Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. Herein, we review the morphology, embryology, surgical anatomy, and clinical manifestations of the accessory nerve. Included in this review, we mention variant anatomy, molecular development, histology, and imaging of the accessory nerve. Conclusions: The accessory nerve continues to be a topic of much discussion regarding its exact function and in particular to its cranial roots. Recently, various surgical procedures have been devised that repurpose the accessory nerve (e.g., lengthening procedures, contralateral neurotization procedures). Currently, we continue to learn and have much to learn about this lower cranial nerve. Anat Rec, 302:620–629, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-8486</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-8494</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ar.23823</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29659160</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Accessory nerve ; Accessory Nerve - anatomy & histology ; Accessory Nerve - surgery ; Accessory Nerve Injuries ; Anatomic Landmarks ; Anatomic Variation ; Anatomy ; Animals ; cranial nerve ; Embryology ; Humans ; Reviews ; Skull ; sternocleidomastoid ; trapezius</subject><ispartof>Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 2019-04, Vol.302 (4), p.620-629</ispartof><rights>2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4493-d4e4ece2f42707fd6dbb0139db6f137f647bd1f64900e58f4a3c163652598d9f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4493-d4e4ece2f42707fd6dbb0139db6f137f647bd1f64900e58f4a3c163652598d9f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8502-7952</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Far.23823$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Far.23823$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659160$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Johal, Jaspreet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwanaga, Joe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tubbs, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loukas, Marios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oskouian, Rod J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tubbs, R. Shane</creatorcontrib><title>The Accessory Nerve: A Comprehensive Review of its Anatomy, Development, Variations, Landmarks and Clinical Considerations</title><title>Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)</title><addtitle>Anat Rec (Hoboken)</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. Herein, we review the morphology, embryology, surgical anatomy, and clinical manifestations of the accessory nerve. Included in this review, we mention variant anatomy, molecular development, histology, and imaging of the accessory nerve. Conclusions: The accessory nerve continues to be a topic of much discussion regarding its exact function and in particular to its cranial roots. Recently, various surgical procedures have been devised that repurpose the accessory nerve (e.g., lengthening procedures, contralateral neurotization procedures). Currently, we continue to learn and have much to learn about this lower cranial nerve. Anat Rec, 302:620–629, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Accessory nerve</subject><subject>Accessory Nerve - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Accessory Nerve - surgery</subject><subject>Accessory Nerve Injuries</subject><subject>Anatomic Landmarks</subject><subject>Anatomic Variation</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>cranial nerve</subject><subject>Embryology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Skull</subject><subject>sternocleidomastoid</subject><subject>trapezius</subject><issn>1932-8486</issn><issn>1932-8494</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUtr3DAUhUVpaB4t9BcUQTdZjJOrhx_qzkzSBwwthLRbIVtXRKltTSXPhMmvj9JJUyh0dc7i4-NeDiFvGZwxAH5u4hkXDRcvyBFTgheNVPLlc2-qQ3Kc0i1AKUGJV-SQq6pUrIIjcn99g7Tte0wpxB39inGLH2hLl2FcR7zBKfkt0ivceryjwVE_J9pOZg7jbkEvcItDWI84zQv6w0RvZh-mtKArM9nRxJ-J5kKXg598b4YszTqLcY-9JgfODAnfPOUJ-f7x8nr5uVh9-_Rl2a6KXkolCitRYo_cSV5D7Wxluw6YULarHBO1q2TdWZZDAWDZOGlEzypRlbxUjVVOnJDTvXcdw68NplmPPvU4DGbCsEmaAy8b4DWHjL7_B70Nmzjl6zRnSqoGauB_hX0MKUV0eh19fnenGejHPbSJ-vceGX33JNx0I9pn8M8AGSj2wJ0fcPdfkW6v9sIHNkiS8g</recordid><startdate>201904</startdate><enddate>201904</enddate><creator>Johal, Jaspreet</creator><creator>Iwanaga, Joe</creator><creator>Tubbs, Kevin</creator><creator>Loukas, Marios</creator><creator>Oskouian, Rod J.</creator><creator>Tubbs, R. 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Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. Herein, we review the morphology, embryology, surgical anatomy, and clinical manifestations of the accessory nerve. Included in this review, we mention variant anatomy, molecular development, histology, and imaging of the accessory nerve. Conclusions: The accessory nerve continues to be a topic of much discussion regarding its exact function and in particular to its cranial roots. Recently, various surgical procedures have been devised that repurpose the accessory nerve (e.g., lengthening procedures, contralateral neurotization procedures). Currently, we continue to learn and have much to learn about this lower cranial nerve. Anat Rec, 302:620–629, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>29659160</pmid><doi>10.1002/ar.23823</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-7952</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Accessory nerve Accessory Nerve - anatomy & histology Accessory Nerve - surgery Accessory Nerve Injuries Anatomic Landmarks Anatomic Variation Anatomy Animals cranial nerve Embryology Humans Reviews Skull sternocleidomastoid trapezius |
| title | The Accessory Nerve: A Comprehensive Review of its Anatomy, Development, Variations, Landmarks and Clinical Considerations |
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