Nitrogen utilization in a vapor-phase biofilter

The effect of media nitrogen levels on biofilter performance was investigated in a lab-scale biofilter treating toluene and p-xylene. Nitrogen utilization rates and the quantity of nitrogen recycled to meet microbial demand in the biofilm were estimated using a nitrogen balance approach. Experimental data imply that overall biofilter performance was a strong function of normalized nitrogen levels in the synthetic media. The biodegradation of p-xylene was found to be more sensitive to media nitrogen levels than was the degradation of toluene. However, increasing the nitrogen supply improved both toluene (>99%) and p-xylene removal efficiencies (>90%). Nitrogen balance calculations indicate that substantial recycling of nitrogen occurred in the biofilm even under nitrogen-rich conditions. The fraction of nitrogen demand met by recycling nitrogen increased when the external supply of nitrogen was terminated, and the biofilm became nitrogen limited. However, to avoid severe nitrogen limitation conditions, an external nitrogen source must be provided to sustain high pollutant removals in the biofilter.