Truncation of the processive Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima results in soluble expression and several fold increase in activity
Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima, a 37 kDa cellulase of the family GH5, was expressed in partially soluble state in E. coli. However, the truncated version tCel5A1, produced by removing ten residues from the C‐terminal of Cel5A, was expressed in a completely soluble form. tCel5A1 showed 7.3‐ fold increa...
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description | Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima, a 37 kDa cellulase of the family GH5, was expressed in partially soluble state in E. coli. However, the truncated version tCel5A1, produced by removing ten residues from the C‐terminal of Cel5A, was expressed in a completely soluble form. tCel5A1 showed 7.3‐ fold increased specific activity against carboxy methyl cellulose while the increase in activities against regenerated amorphous cellulose and Avicel were 21 and 16 fold, respectively. tCel5A1 is stable at 60 °C for more than 2 hr and it showed temperature and pH optima 70 °C and 6.0, respectively, under the assay conditions used. These characteristics are similar to those of the native enzyme. As expected, CD spectral analysis showed that C‐terminal truncation has little effect on the secondary structure of the molecule. tCel5A1 showed higher binding to pretreated rice straw (84%) as compared to the native form (46%). Molecular modelling analysis of tCel5A1 showed that the removal of C‐terminal residues exposed the active site residues Glu253, Trp286, and Phe292, which are located in the catalytic cavity close to the C‐terminus. Making these residues more accessible to the substrate would result in increased activity. The ratio of 10.01 between the soluble to the insoluble reducing groups produced from RAC on treatment with tCel5A1, and the presence of cellobiose as the major end product in the hydrolysate showed that tCel5A1 is a processive cellulase. Although other processive cellulases belonging to the family GH5, mainly of the fungal origin, have been reported, but tCel5A1, to our knowledge, is the first processive cellulase from an extreme thermophile reported so far.
Truncation of Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima by removing ten amino acid residues from the C‐terminal resulted in its soluble expression in E. coli. The activity of this truncated version resulted in several fold increase in activity against the soluble as well as the insoluble cellulosic substrates, as compared to that of the native enzyme. Removal of ten residues from the C‐terminus seems to unmask the active site residues of the enzyme, thus increasing their accessibility to the substrate. The surface models of the native (left) and the truncated Cel5A (right) of T. maritima. The active site residues (yellow) are better exposed in the truncated version. |
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Truncation of Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima by removing ten amino acid residues from the C‐terminal resulted in its soluble expression in E. coli. The activity of this truncated version resulted in several fold increase in activity against the soluble as well as the insoluble cellulosic substrates, as compared to that of the native enzyme. Removal of ten residues from the C‐terminus seems to unmask the active site residues of the enzyme, thus increasing their accessibility to the substrate. The surface models of the native (left) and the truncated Cel5A (right) of T. maritima. The active site residues (yellow) are better exposed in the truncated version.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-3592</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0290</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/bit.26602</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29578581</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Carboxymethyl cellulose ; Catalysis ; Cellobiose ; Cellulase ; Cellulose ; circular dichorism ; E coli ; endoglucanases ; Escherichia coli ; Methylcellulose ; Molecular chains ; Molecular modelling ; Molecular structure ; Protein structure ; Residues ; Secondary structure ; Spectral analysis ; Straw ; Substrates ; Thermotoga maritima</subject><ispartof>Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2018-07, Vol.115 (7), p.1675-1684</ispartof><rights>2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4562-d9bed58c8bcd50bb10fe08b9cbdbd57b2335faa59b5c54f2f10e5c9d6d06513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4562-d9bed58c8bcd50bb10fe08b9cbdbd57b2335faa59b5c54f2f10e5c9d6d06513</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1616-2007 ; 0000-0002-1702-2850</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fbit.26602$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fbit.26602$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29578581$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Basit, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhtar, Muhammad W.</creatorcontrib><title>Truncation of the processive Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima results in soluble expression and several fold increase in activity</title><title>Biotechnology and bioengineering</title><addtitle>Biotechnol Bioeng</addtitle><description>Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima, a 37 kDa cellulase of the family GH5, was expressed in partially soluble state in E. coli. However, the truncated version tCel5A1, produced by removing ten residues from the C‐terminal of Cel5A, was expressed in a completely soluble form. tCel5A1 showed 7.3‐ fold increased specific activity against carboxy methyl cellulose while the increase in activities against regenerated amorphous cellulose and Avicel were 21 and 16 fold, respectively. tCel5A1 is stable at 60 °C for more than 2 hr and it showed temperature and pH optima 70 °C and 6.0, respectively, under the assay conditions used. These characteristics are similar to those of the native enzyme. As expected, CD spectral analysis showed that C‐terminal truncation has little effect on the secondary structure of the molecule. tCel5A1 showed higher binding to pretreated rice straw (84%) as compared to the native form (46%). Molecular modelling analysis of tCel5A1 showed that the removal of C‐terminal residues exposed the active site residues Glu253, Trp286, and Phe292, which are located in the catalytic cavity close to the C‐terminus. Making these residues more accessible to the substrate would result in increased activity. The ratio of 10.01 between the soluble to the insoluble reducing groups produced from RAC on treatment with tCel5A1, and the presence of cellobiose as the major end product in the hydrolysate showed that tCel5A1 is a processive cellulase. Although other processive cellulases belonging to the family GH5, mainly of the fungal origin, have been reported, but tCel5A1, to our knowledge, is the first processive cellulase from an extreme thermophile reported so far.
Truncation of Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima by removing ten amino acid residues from the C‐terminal resulted in its soluble expression in E. coli. The activity of this truncated version resulted in several fold increase in activity against the soluble as well as the insoluble cellulosic substrates, as compared to that of the native enzyme. Removal of ten residues from the C‐terminus seems to unmask the active site residues of the enzyme, thus increasing their accessibility to the substrate. The surface models of the native (left) and the truncated Cel5A (right) of T. maritima. The active site residues (yellow) are better exposed in the truncated version.</description><subject>Carboxymethyl cellulose</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Cellobiose</subject><subject>Cellulase</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>circular dichorism</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>endoglucanases</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Methylcellulose</subject><subject>Molecular chains</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>Molecular structure</subject><subject>Protein structure</subject><subject>Residues</subject><subject>Secondary structure</subject><subject>Spectral analysis</subject><subject>Straw</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Thermotoga maritima</subject><issn>0006-3592</issn><issn>1097-0290</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10btu2zAUBmAiSJG4boe-QEAgSzooOaRMShpTo5cAATrUu8DLUcOAEh2ScuOh7166TjsU6ESQ-Pjz8hPyjsE1A-A32uVrLiXwE7Jg0DUV8A5OyQIAZFWLjp-T1yk9lmnTSnlGznknmla0bEF-buI8GZVdmGgYaH5Auo3BYEpuh3SNXtwe1jcPGMeQw3dFRxVddqOiEdPsc6Juoin4WXuk-LyNh60lTE2WJtxhVJ4OwdvCTESV8OCVyW7n8v4NeTUon_Dty7gk3z593Ky_VPdfP9-tb-8rsxKSV7bTaEVrWm2sAK0ZDAit7oy22opG87oWg1Ki08KI1cAHBihMZ6UFKVi9JFfH1PKypxlT7keXDHqvJgxz6jmw8i0FykIv_6GPYY5TuVtRq6Yuqhy2JO-PysSQUsSh38byI3HfM-gPjfSlkf53I8VevCTOekT7V_6poICbI_jhPO7_n9R_uNscI38BigSXWw</recordid><startdate>201807</startdate><enddate>201807</enddate><creator>Basit, Abdul</creator><creator>Akhtar, Muhammad W.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-2007</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-2850</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201807</creationdate><title>Truncation of the processive Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima results in soluble expression and several fold increase in activity</title><author>Basit, Abdul ; Akhtar, Muhammad W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4562-d9bed58c8bcd50bb10fe08b9cbdbd57b2335faa59b5c54f2f10e5c9d6d06513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Carboxymethyl cellulose</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>Cellobiose</topic><topic>Cellulase</topic><topic>Cellulose</topic><topic>circular dichorism</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>endoglucanases</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Methylcellulose</topic><topic>Molecular chains</topic><topic>Molecular modelling</topic><topic>Molecular structure</topic><topic>Protein structure</topic><topic>Residues</topic><topic>Secondary structure</topic><topic>Spectral analysis</topic><topic>Straw</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Thermotoga maritima</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Basit, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhtar, Muhammad W.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Biotechnology and bioengineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Basit, Abdul</au><au>Akhtar, Muhammad W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Truncation of the processive Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima results in soluble expression and several fold increase in activity</atitle><jtitle>Biotechnology and bioengineering</jtitle><addtitle>Biotechnol Bioeng</addtitle><date>2018-07</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>115</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1675</spage><epage>1684</epage><pages>1675-1684</pages><issn>0006-3592</issn><eissn>1097-0290</eissn><abstract>Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima, a 37 kDa cellulase of the family GH5, was expressed in partially soluble state in E. coli. However, the truncated version tCel5A1, produced by removing ten residues from the C‐terminal of Cel5A, was expressed in a completely soluble form. tCel5A1 showed 7.3‐ fold increased specific activity against carboxy methyl cellulose while the increase in activities against regenerated amorphous cellulose and Avicel were 21 and 16 fold, respectively. tCel5A1 is stable at 60 °C for more than 2 hr and it showed temperature and pH optima 70 °C and 6.0, respectively, under the assay conditions used. These characteristics are similar to those of the native enzyme. As expected, CD spectral analysis showed that C‐terminal truncation has little effect on the secondary structure of the molecule. tCel5A1 showed higher binding to pretreated rice straw (84%) as compared to the native form (46%). Molecular modelling analysis of tCel5A1 showed that the removal of C‐terminal residues exposed the active site residues Glu253, Trp286, and Phe292, which are located in the catalytic cavity close to the C‐terminus. Making these residues more accessible to the substrate would result in increased activity. The ratio of 10.01 between the soluble to the insoluble reducing groups produced from RAC on treatment with tCel5A1, and the presence of cellobiose as the major end product in the hydrolysate showed that tCel5A1 is a processive cellulase. Although other processive cellulases belonging to the family GH5, mainly of the fungal origin, have been reported, but tCel5A1, to our knowledge, is the first processive cellulase from an extreme thermophile reported so far.
Truncation of Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima by removing ten amino acid residues from the C‐terminal resulted in its soluble expression in E. coli. The activity of this truncated version resulted in several fold increase in activity against the soluble as well as the insoluble cellulosic substrates, as compared to that of the native enzyme. Removal of ten residues from the C‐terminus seems to unmask the active site residues of the enzyme, thus increasing their accessibility to the substrate. The surface models of the native (left) and the truncated Cel5A (right) of T. maritima. The active site residues (yellow) are better exposed in the truncated version.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>29578581</pmid><doi>10.1002/bit.26602</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-2007</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-2850</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Carboxymethyl cellulose Catalysis Cellobiose Cellulase Cellulose circular dichorism E coli endoglucanases Escherichia coli Methylcellulose Molecular chains Molecular modelling Molecular structure Protein structure Residues Secondary structure Spectral analysis Straw Substrates Thermotoga maritima |
title | Truncation of the processive Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima results in soluble expression and several fold increase in activity |
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