Concurrent treatment with a macrocyclic lactone and benzimidazole provides season long performance advantages in grazing cattle harboring macrocyclic lactone resistant nematodes

•Treatment with a macrocyclic lactone and benzimidazole provided production benefits in cattle with macrocyclic lactone resistant nematodes.•Using two different anthelmintic classes together, macrocyclic lactone resistant parasites were controlled during the grazing period.•An effective anthelmintic treatment without an extended release period may promote refugia and decrease selection of drug resistant parasites. In 2013, a 118-day study was initiated to investigate the efficacy of concurrent treatment at pasture turnout with an injectable macrocyclic lactone with activity up to 28 days and an oral benzimidazole, referred to as “conventional” anthelmintics, when compared to treatment with conventional macrocyclic lactone alone or an injectable macrocyclic lactone with extended activity of 100 days or longer. A group of 210 steers were obtained from a ranch in California and transported to Idaho, USA. A total of 176 steers with the highest fecal egg counts were blocked by pre-treatment body weights and pasture location. A total of 44 pasture paddocks were assigned with 4 steers per paddock with 12 paddocks per therapeutic treatment group and 8 paddocks per controls. The four treatments were injectable doramectin (Dectomax®, Zoetis Inc., 0.2 mg kg−1BW, SC), injectable doramectin concurrently with oral albendazole (Valbazen®, Zoetis Inc., 10 mg kg−1BW, PO), extended release injectable eprinomectin (LongRange™, Merial Limited, 1 mg kg−1BW, SC) or saline. Cattle were individually weighed and sampled for fecal egg count on Days 0, 31/32, 61, 88, and 117/118 with an additional fecal sample on Day 14. At conclusion, one steer per paddock was euthanized for nematode recovery. The results from the first 32 days found evidence of macrocyclic lactone resistance against injectable doramectin and extended release eprinomectin. During this period the concurrent therapy provided nearly 100% efficacy based on fecal egg count reduction and a 19.98% improvement in total weight gain compared to controls (P = 0.039). At the conclusion of the 118-day study and past the approved efficacy for the conventional anthelmintics, the concurrent therapy with conventional anthelmintics provided a 22.98% improvement in total weight gain compared to controls (P = 0.004). The 118-day improvement in weight gain for the extended release eprinomectin group (29.06% compared to control) was not statistically different from the concurrent therapy with conventional anthelmintics. The results indi