Assessing Women's Career Barriers Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: The Perception of Barriers Scale
The purpose of the study was to examine the factor structure, measurement invariance, and psychometric properties of a commonly used measure of perceived career barriers (The Perception of Barriers Scale; Luzzo & McWhirter, 2001) with racially diverse college women. The results supported a 9-fac...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of counseling psychology 2018-03, Vol.65 (2), p.226-238 |
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| creator | Kim, Young Hwa O'Brien, Karen M. |
| description | The purpose of the study was to examine the factor structure, measurement invariance, and psychometric properties of a commonly used measure of perceived career barriers (The Perception of Barriers Scale; Luzzo & McWhirter, 2001) with racially diverse college women. The results supported a 9-factor structure for the Perception of Barriers Scale; configural, metric, and scalar invariance for the 9-factors were found with Asian, African American, Latina, and White college women. All groups of women of color reported higher career barriers due to racism and higher educational barriers due to racial discrimination than White women. The results also demonstrated potential differences in salient barriers for women of color (educational barriers due to lack of confidence/skills for Asian women, career barriers due to sexism and racism for African American women, and educational barriers due to financial concerns for Latina women). The reliability estimates of the subscales were satisfactory and support for criterion validity was demonstrated. The results highlighted the importance of measuring and identifying salient barriers for college women of color. Future research and practice implications for assessing and ameliorating salient barriers for college women are discussed.
Public Significance Statement
This study provides support for using an established instrument with college women of color to assess perception of barriers when pursuing educational and career goals. The findings highlight the importance of developing interventions to reduce barriers due to gender/racial discrimination, financial concerns, and lack of confidence and skills for college women of color. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/cou0000251 |
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Public Significance Statement
This study provides support for using an established instrument with college women of color to assess perception of barriers when pursuing educational and career goals. The findings highlight the importance of developing interventions to reduce barriers due to gender/racial discrimination, financial concerns, and lack of confidence and skills for college women of color.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0167</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-2168</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/cou0000251</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29543477</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; African Americans ; Asians ; Barriers ; Black People ; Career advancement ; Career Development ; Career Mobility ; Careers ; College Students ; Continental Population Groups - psychology ; Ethnic groups ; Ethnic Groups - psychology ; Factor Structure ; Female ; Females ; Hispanic Americans ; Human ; Human Females ; Humans ; Indexes ; Latin American cultural groups ; Latinos/Latinas ; Measurement ; Measurement Invariance ; Measures ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Perception ; Predictive Validity ; Psychometrics ; Quantitative psychology ; Racial and Ethnic Groups ; Racial differences ; Racial discrimination ; Racism ; Racism - psychology ; Racism - trends ; Rating Scales ; Reliability ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sexism ; Sexism - psychology ; Sexism - trends ; Student Attitudes ; Students - psychology ; Test Reliability ; Test Validity ; Universities - trends ; White People ; Women ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of counseling psychology, 2018-03, Vol.65 (2), p.226-238</ispartof><rights>2018 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>(c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).</rights><rights>2018, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Mar 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a379t-bb6cd5a32482eb225d54095e4547b0908bd6a2916a175476e9331e2a469c12053</citedby><orcidid>0000-0002-4597-4154</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,30999,33774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29543477$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Kivlighan, Dennis M</contributor><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, Karen M.</creatorcontrib><title>Assessing Women's Career Barriers Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: The Perception of Barriers Scale</title><title>Journal of counseling psychology</title><addtitle>J Couns Psychol</addtitle><description>The purpose of the study was to examine the factor structure, measurement invariance, and psychometric properties of a commonly used measure of perceived career barriers (The Perception of Barriers Scale; Luzzo & McWhirter, 2001) with racially diverse college women. The results supported a 9-factor structure for the Perception of Barriers Scale; configural, metric, and scalar invariance for the 9-factors were found with Asian, African American, Latina, and White college women. All groups of women of color reported higher career barriers due to racism and higher educational barriers due to racial discrimination than White women. The results also demonstrated potential differences in salient barriers for women of color (educational barriers due to lack of confidence/skills for Asian women, career barriers due to sexism and racism for African American women, and educational barriers due to financial concerns for Latina women). The reliability estimates of the subscales were satisfactory and support for criterion validity was demonstrated. The results highlighted the importance of measuring and identifying salient barriers for college women of color. Future research and practice implications for assessing and ameliorating salient barriers for college women are discussed.
Public Significance Statement
This study provides support for using an established instrument with college women of color to assess perception of barriers when pursuing educational and career goals. The findings highlight the importance of developing interventions to reduce barriers due to gender/racial discrimination, financial concerns, and lack of confidence and skills for college women of color.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>African Americans</subject><subject>Asians</subject><subject>Barriers</subject><subject>Black People</subject><subject>Career advancement</subject><subject>Career Development</subject><subject>Career Mobility</subject><subject>Careers</subject><subject>College Students</subject><subject>Continental Population Groups - psychology</subject><subject>Ethnic groups</subject><subject>Ethnic Groups - psychology</subject><subject>Factor Structure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Hispanic Americans</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human Females</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indexes</subject><subject>Latin American cultural groups</subject><subject>Latinos/Latinas</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Measurement Invariance</subject><subject>Measures</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Predictive Validity</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Quantitative psychology</subject><subject>Racial and Ethnic Groups</subject><subject>Racial differences</subject><subject>Racial discrimination</subject><subject>Racism</subject><subject>Racism - psychology</subject><subject>Racism - trends</subject><subject>Rating Scales</subject><subject>Reliability</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Sexism</subject><subject>Sexism - psychology</subject><subject>Sexism - trends</subject><subject>Student Attitudes</subject><subject>Students - psychology</subject><subject>Test Reliability</subject><subject>Test Validity</subject><subject>Universities - trends</subject><subject>White People</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0022-0167</issn><issn>1939-2168</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1rFDEYB_Agil1bL34ACXioVKbN-4u37dJWoaBoxWPIZJ-1U2YnY56ZQ7-9qdsX8GAugYdf_iT5E_KGs2POpD1JeWZ1Cc2fkQX30jeCG_ecLOpMNIwbu0deId4wxpV0_iXZE14rqaxdkLBEBMRu-EV_5i0Mh0hXsQAUehpL6aAgXaaSEem3mLrYn5xN10OX6EXJ84gf6dU10K9QEoxTlweaN0_nvqfYwwF5sYk9wuv7fZ_8OD-7Wn1qLr9cfF4tL5sorZ-atjVpraMUyglohdBrrZjXoLSyLfPMtWsThecmcltHBryUHERUxicumJb75P0udyz59ww4hW2HCfo-DpBnDKK-3SvvuKv03T_0Js9lqLerSmqhjePy_4pL56y2vqqjnfr7RwU2YSzdNpbbwFm4Kyc8lVPx2_vIud3C-pE-tFHBhx2IYwwj3qZYpi71gGkuBYbpLiwYHUQQwsg_3vKWFg</recordid><startdate>201803</startdate><enddate>201803</enddate><creator>Kim, Young Hwa</creator><creator>O'Brien, Karen M.</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4597-4154</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201803</creationdate><title>Assessing Women's Career Barriers Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: The Perception of Barriers Scale</title><author>Kim, Young Hwa ; O'Brien, Karen M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a379t-bb6cd5a32482eb225d54095e4547b0908bd6a2916a175476e9331e2a469c12053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>African Americans</topic><topic>Asians</topic><topic>Barriers</topic><topic>Black People</topic><topic>Career advancement</topic><topic>Career Development</topic><topic>Career Mobility</topic><topic>Careers</topic><topic>College Students</topic><topic>Continental Population Groups - psychology</topic><topic>Ethnic groups</topic><topic>Ethnic Groups - psychology</topic><topic>Factor Structure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Hispanic Americans</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Human Females</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Indexes</topic><topic>Latin American cultural groups</topic><topic>Latinos/Latinas</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Measurement Invariance</topic><topic>Measures</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Predictive Validity</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Quantitative psychology</topic><topic>Racial and Ethnic Groups</topic><topic>Racial differences</topic><topic>Racial discrimination</topic><topic>Racism</topic><topic>Racism - psychology</topic><topic>Racism - trends</topic><topic>Rating Scales</topic><topic>Reliability</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Sexism</topic><topic>Sexism - psychology</topic><topic>Sexism - trends</topic><topic>Student Attitudes</topic><topic>Students - psychology</topic><topic>Test Reliability</topic><topic>Test Validity</topic><topic>Universities - trends</topic><topic>White People</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, Karen M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of counseling psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Young Hwa</au><au>O'Brien, Karen M.</au><au>Kivlighan, Dennis M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessing Women's Career Barriers Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: The Perception of Barriers Scale</atitle><jtitle>Journal of counseling psychology</jtitle><addtitle>J Couns Psychol</addtitle><date>2018-03</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>226</spage><epage>238</epage><pages>226-238</pages><issn>0022-0167</issn><eissn>1939-2168</eissn><abstract>The purpose of the study was to examine the factor structure, measurement invariance, and psychometric properties of a commonly used measure of perceived career barriers (The Perception of Barriers Scale; Luzzo & McWhirter, 2001) with racially diverse college women. The results supported a 9-factor structure for the Perception of Barriers Scale; configural, metric, and scalar invariance for the 9-factors were found with Asian, African American, Latina, and White college women. All groups of women of color reported higher career barriers due to racism and higher educational barriers due to racial discrimination than White women. The results also demonstrated potential differences in salient barriers for women of color (educational barriers due to lack of confidence/skills for Asian women, career barriers due to sexism and racism for African American women, and educational barriers due to financial concerns for Latina women). The reliability estimates of the subscales were satisfactory and support for criterion validity was demonstrated. The results highlighted the importance of measuring and identifying salient barriers for college women of color. Future research and practice implications for assessing and ameliorating salient barriers for college women are discussed.
Public Significance Statement
This study provides support for using an established instrument with college women of color to assess perception of barriers when pursuing educational and career goals. The findings highlight the importance of developing interventions to reduce barriers due to gender/racial discrimination, financial concerns, and lack of confidence and skills for college women of color.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>29543477</pmid><doi>10.1037/cou0000251</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4597-4154</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent African Americans Asians Barriers Black People Career advancement Career Development Career Mobility Careers College Students Continental Population Groups - psychology Ethnic groups Ethnic Groups - psychology Factor Structure Female Females Hispanic Americans Human Human Females Humans Indexes Latin American cultural groups Latinos/Latinas Measurement Measurement Invariance Measures Minority & ethnic groups Perception Predictive Validity Psychometrics Quantitative psychology Racial and Ethnic Groups Racial differences Racial discrimination Racism Racism - psychology Racism - trends Rating Scales Reliability Reproducibility of Results Sexism Sexism - psychology Sexism - trends Student Attitudes Students - psychology Test Reliability Test Validity Universities - trends White People Women Young Adult |
| title | Assessing Women's Career Barriers Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: The Perception of Barriers Scale |
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