Effects of TGF‐β1, PDGF‐BB, and IGF‐1 on the Rate of Proliferation and Adhesion of a Periodontal Ligament Cell Lineage In Vitro

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1, and transforming growth factor‐beta 1(TGF‐β1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro. Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 103 cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF‐BB, TGF‐β1, IGF‐1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor. The samples were counted in triplicate 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after seeding. For the adhesion assay, 14 patients provided 30 root fragments distributed among 10 groups: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + growth factors, SRP + citric acid plus tetracycline (CA+T), and SRP + (CA+T) + growth factors. The data were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance complemented by Tukey, Dunnett, and Student‐Newman‐Keuels methods. Results: Maximum rates of proliferation were observed at day 3 for all groups. TGF‐β1 induced a 344.17% ± 58.80% increased proliferation rate over control (P